True or false 1. The gastrointestinal tract generates monomers from polymers by

Question

True or false 1. The gastrointestinal tract generates monomers from polymers by condensation. 2. Paracrine regulators are part of the extrinsic regulation of the GI tract. 3. Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa. 4. Most of the food is digested and absorbed through the wall of the stomach. 5. Mutating the gene encoding for the would block gastric HC1 secretion. 6. The initial phase of deglutition is a voluntary process. 7. The brush border is a term used to describe the mucosa of the small intestine. 8. Protein digestion would decrease if lactase were not present on the brush border. 9. Absorbed lipids are initially transported by the lymphatic system. 10. Active transport of Na? into intestinal cells allows the osmosis of water. 11. The appendix is a short, thin out-pouching of the ileum. 12. The intestinal microbiota have a mutualistic relationship with humans. 13. Bile is produced by the gallbladder. 14. Blood from the digestive organs enters general circulation and eventually reaches the liver for processing. 15. Micelles, made of bile salts, have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that allow them to emulsify fats and dissolve in water.

Explanation / Answer

False. Condensation is a process by which polymers are produces by binding of monomers. False. Paracrine regulators are part of the intrinsic regulation of the GI tract. True. Absorption cells are columnar epithelial cells, called enterocytes. False. In the stomach, food is churned by the intestinal secretion called chyme. Food is partly digested here. Most of the food is digested in small intestine. True. The K+/Cl- symporter transfers both out of the cell. The K+ is taken up by H+/K+-ATPase pump transport in exchange of H+ out of the cell. H+ and Cl_ combine to form HCl True. The initial stage is oral stage which is voluntary. True. It is covered by the brush border cells, having micro-villi meant for absorption. False. Protein is digested by trypsin. True. True. Na+ into intestine cell increases the concentration in the cells so that water moves from lower to higher contration. False. It sprouts out from cecum. True. One such example is Escherichia coli which digests cellulose. Humans can not digest cellulose. False. Bile is produced by liver. True. True. Micelles are spherical structures that have hydrophillic groups outside and hydrophic groups inside so that fats embeded in it can be transported by an aqueous environment.

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