Experiment 11 Report Sheet Periodic Table and Periodic Law lob Sec. Name Mohamne

Question

Experiment 11 Report Sheet Periodic Table and Periodic Law lob Sec. Name Mohamned Hala wani Desk No. A. Periodic Trends in Physical Propertles (Dry Lab) Consult with your laboratory instructor as t ing questions about periodie trends. i the procedure and schedule for subeminting your responses to the follow data for the ionization energies of the elements show sawtooth trends across the pericds of the elements. noble gas group (i.e., with increasing atomic number)? eas eroup of elements. What appears to be the periodic trend in ionization energies down the b. Scanning the ns ine graphical data for elements adjacent to and then further removed from the halogens, what general c. Which element has the highest ionization energy? summarize the trend in the ionization energies when moving down a group of elements't d. What general elemetsenr can summarize the trend in the ionization energies when moving across a period ot 2. Figure 11.2: Graphical data for the atomic radi of the elements show generally decreasing trends across a period of elements. The noble gases are an anomaly a. Which group of elements has the largest atomic radii? b. Moving dow a group of elemen s rnteasn omi number, what s he general trend for at c. Which element has the largest atomic radius? d. What general statement can summarize the correlation of ionization energies to atomic radii for the elements? 3. Figure 11.3: Graphical data for the electron affinities of the elements show a number of irregularities, but a general increasing trend in values exists across a period of elements. a. Which group of elements has the highest electron affinities? b. Is the trend in electron affinities repetitive for Periods 2 and 3? Cite examples. c. Which element has the highest electron affinity? d. Is there correlation a correlation of electron affnities to atomic radi for the elements? If so, what is it? Cite examples. 4. Figure 11.4 shows repeated trends in density for the periods of elements a. What is the general trend in densities for Periods 2 and 3 b. What is the trend in the densities moving down a group of elements? c. Which section of the periodic table (see Introduction) has elements with greater densities? d. Which element has the greatest density?

Explanation / Answer

1. Ionisation energy is defind as the energy required to remove outermost electron of ioslated gaseous atom

  Ionisation energy is inversely propotional to atomic size

a) In noble gas group on moving from top to bottom the atomic size increses and ionisation energy decreses

b) In noble gas group on moving from top to bottom the atomic size increses and ionisation energy decreses

c) Helium has highest ionisation energy value because of its small size, due to small size the attraction force of nucleus for electron is highest in comparison with other elements of same group and therefore the removal of valence electron is very difficult resulting in higher ionisation energy value

d) Across periods the atomic size decreases and hence ionisation energy increases

2. Atomic radius is defind as the distance between nucleus and the outermost electron

a) Alkali metals group have highest atomic radius(due to less nuclear charge)

b) on moving from top to bottom in a group the atomic radius increases as number of shells increases.

c) casium has the largest atomic radius of 275pm

d) The atomic radius has inveres relation with ionisation energy, when atomic radius increases ionisation energy decreases

3. Electron affinity is defind as the amount of energy released when an electron as added to neutral atom

a) Halogens have highest electron affinty because of small size and high nuclear charge

b) chlorine has the highest electron affinity.

4. Density is defined as the ratio of mass and volume,when mass incrases density increases

a) On moving down the group atomic mass increases and hence density increases

b) elements in the sixth period shows higher density then rest of the elements

c) Osmium has the highest density in periodic table having density 22.4g/cm3

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