Biology (launch pad) question! 1. Which of the following changes could cause the

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Biology (launch pad) question!

1. Which of the following changes could cause the production of a shorter-than-normal protein from a gene? (Select all that apply.)
a) prevention of in ribosome binding
b) changes in RNA processing
c) production of an siRNA
d) prevention of RNA polymerase binding
e) changes in RNA editing
2. For the lactose operon, the CRP-cAMP is a(n):
a) inducer.
b) promoter.
c) activator.
d) repressor.
e) operator.
3. Regulatory transcription factors: (select all correct choices)
a) bind to DNA sequences in or near enhancer genes.
b) recruit components of the transcriptional complex of proteins.
c) recruit the components of the RNA polymerase complex.
4. For the lactose operon, lactose is a(n):
a) repressor.
b) inducer.
c) promoter.
d) operator.
e) activator.
5. In prokaryotes, inducers are small molecules that:
a) bind to repressors and promote transcription.
b) bind to activators and promote transcription.
c) bind to activators and inhibit transcription.
d) bind to repressors and inhibit transcription.
e) None of these choices is correct.

6. Histone modification:
a) is fixed; once a histone is modified, it stays that way and the genes with which it is associated are turned on or off permanently.
b) can change over time in response to environmental cues, allowing genes to be turned on or off as needed.
c) is fixed, but this has no effect on whether genes are expressed.
d) can change over time in response to environmental cues, but this has no effect on gene expression.
e) is randomsometimes the lysines are modified and sometimes they’re not, but the state is independent of the environment or cell type.
7. An operon is:
a) a gene coding for a repressor protein.
b) a region of DNA consisting of the promoter and operator sequences needed to regulate one or more structural genes.
c) a single molecule of RNA coding for more than one protein.
d) a region of DNA consisting of the promoter, operator, and coding sequence for structural proteins.
e) a region of DNA consisting of the operator and coding sequence for structural proteins.
8. Gene regulation can occur at which of the following steps in the path from DNA to protein?
a) after protein synthesis
b) during transcription from a chromosome and during translation from DNA to RNA
c) during transcription from a chromosome
d) during transcription from a chromosome, during translation from DNA to RNA and after protein synthesis
e) during translation from DNA to RNA

9. Gene regulation by siRNA is ____________ in eukaryotes and may have evolved originally as a ____________.
a) rare; defense against mutations that may cause cancer
b) rare; way to regulate gene expression
c) rare; defense against viruses
d) widespread; way to regulate gene expression
e) widespread; defense against viruses

Explanation / Answer

1. (e) changes in RNA editing

2. (C) activator

3. (a) bind to DNA sequences in or near enhancer genes.

4. (b) inducer

5. (a) bind to repressors and promote transcription

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