1. What is gene annotation? Describe one method for annotating a gene sequence.

Question

1. What is gene annotation? Describe one method for annotating a gene sequence.

2. What is positive selection and what are the two methods for detecting it?

3. Describe the relationship between Genomics, Transcriptomics and Proteomics. How do they differ in complexity?

4. a. How are in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry similar?

b. How are in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry different?

5. Compare and contrast qPCR and Microarrays. How are they similar and different? Why are both necessary?

6. How does a cloning vector allow us to sequence unknown fragments of DNA?

Explanation / Answer

Only first four answers according to the answering guidelines.

Q1. Gene annotation can be defined as the process of identifying a gene and then adding its information to a genome databse. Genome annotation may consist of three important steps: a) Identifying non-coding regions of the genome b) Identifying coding regions c) attributing biological information to both these regions. Therefore struturally a gene may be annotated by identifying ORFs and their localization in the genome.

Q2. Positive selection is a process by which advantageous mutations are selected naturally as they are giving best fitness to the organism in those environmental conditions.The two methods for detecting are the H-test and Tajima'sD-test.

Q3. These terms have the have relationship as DNA - mRNA - and protein have among each other. The only difference is that here they speak of a whole population of DNA, mRNA and proteins rather than isolated molecules.

Q4. a. Both use binding parameter in fixed samples. A probe binds to its target in insitu hybridization and an antibody binds to its antigen in a fixed tissue sample.

b. in situ hybridization is a DNA-DNA interaction technique whereas immunohistochemistry is a protein-protein interaction based technique.

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