QUESTION 1 Describe some of the differences between analog and digital electroni

Question

QUESTION 1

Describe some of the differences between analog and digital electronics. List at least 2 differences.

QUESTION 2

List three common products that can have either a digital or analog output.

QUESTION 3

Describe the difference between the binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal system.

QUESTION 4

Define the purpose of the following VHDL program segments:: a) library, b) entity, and c) architecture.

  

QUESTION 5

Which Boolean law is used to transform each of the following equations?

B + (D + E) = (B + D) + E

CAB=ABC

(B + C)(A + D)= BA + BD + CA + CD

D + E = E + D

QUESTION 6

Using Boolean algebra techniques, simplify this expression:

AB + A(B + C) + B(B + C)

  

QUESTION 7

Write the Boolean expression for each of the logic circuits below.

QUESTION 8

Draw a logic circuit for circuit represented by each expression:

AB’ + A’B

AB + A’B: + A’BC

A’B(C + D’)

A + B[C + D(B + C’)]

QUESTION 9

Construct a truth table for each of the following Boolean expressions:

A + B

AB

AB + BC

(A + B)C

(A + B)(B’ + C)  

QUESTION 10

Please use the Figure below to answer problems 10 & 11.

10. Decode the following ASCII coded message and then convert it in hexadecimal see.

QUESTION 11

Write the message in problem 11 in hexadecimal.

Explanation / Answer

Question 1 : All of us know that electronics have two parts Digital and Analog.

Describe the difference between the binary, decimal, octal, and hexadecimal system.

Decimal, Binary, hexadecimal, and octal refer to different number systems. Decimal is the simplest number system we normallu use to represent numbers.

In decimal we use 10 symbols/digits to represent any number. eg 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9. If we take bigger number than 9 then we combine 2 digits like in 10 we combine 1 and 0.

Binary is other number system in which we use only 2 digits 0 and 1. Every number in binary can be converted to decimal and vice versa. We do not go to 2 because in binary, a 2 doesn't exist. Instead, we use 10. In a binary system, 10 is equal to 2 in decimal.

We can count further.

Just like in decimal, we know that the more digits there are, the larger the number. However, in binary, we use powers of two. In the binary number 1001101, we can create a chart to find out what this really means.

1    0      0     1        1          0         1

2^6 2^5   2^4   2^3     2^2       2^1     2^0

64+0+0+8+4+0+1 = 87

Octal is another number system with less symbols to use than our conventional number system. It uses 8 symbols to represent numbers. 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7 after that it uses 10, 11 to represent 8,9 and so on

Octal       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20......

Decimal   0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16....

Just like how we used powers of ten in decimal and powers of two in binary, to determine the value of a number we will use powers of 8 since this is Base Eight. Consider the number 3601 in base eight.

3       6      0          1

8^3    8^2    8^1         8^0

1536+384+ 0+ 1=   1921.

The hexadecimal system is Base Sixteen.This number system uses sixteen symbols to represent numbers. Unlike binary and octal, hexadecimal has six additional symbols that it uses. But what comes after 9? In hexadecimal, the total list of symbols to use is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, and F

When counting in hexadecimal, you count 0, 1, 2, and so on. However, when you reach 9, you go directly to A. Then, you count B, C, D, E, and F

example

Hexadecimal 9 A B C D E F        10 11 ... 19 1A 1 B.... 9F A0

Decimal         9 10 11 12 13 1 15   17 18      25 26 27       159 160

In hexadecimal Digits are explained as powers of 16

Define the purpose of the following VHDL program segments:: a) library, b) entity, and c) architecture.

Entity :

It defines the names, input output ports and modes of a hardware module. It is user defined name not pre defined VHDL name. A port may correspond to a pin on an IC through which we will communicate with outside world. Every port must have direction and name to distinguish and data type.

Architecture:

It describes the internal description of design and bounded with an entity. Architecture describes what is inside an entity. Each entity has atleast one architecture and an entity can have multiple architectures. Architecture can be described using structural, dataflow, behavioral or mixed style. Architecture has two parts. The first part is declaration part and second part consists of statments , assignments and structure of design.

Library

Above the entity declaration is a library clause (library IEEE;) and a use clause (use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;). This gives access to all the names declared within package STD_LOGIC_1164 in the library IEEE.

Which Boolean law is used to transform each of the following equations?

B + (D + E) = (B + D) + E ---> Associative Law

CAB=ABC---> Associative Law

(B + C)(A + D)= BA + BD + CA + CD---> Distributive Law

D + E = E + D--> Commutative Law

AB + A(B + C) + B(B + C)

=AB+AB+AC+BB+BC

=AB+AC+B+BC

=AB+AC+B= AB+B+AC= B+AC

QUESTION 7

a. X=ABCD

b. X=AB+C

c. (A'B)'= A+B'

d.(A+B)C

Analog Digital Analog electronics works on continuous signals like waves known as analog signals.Analog electronics works on measurement as compared to counting. Digital electronics works on signals that exist only at two levels i.e. 0's and 1's. digital works on counting as compared to measurement. Measurement means you will get approximate value. You will never get exact value Counting means you will get exact value of your measurement. Example Analog clock which tells the time with hands that sweeps around the dial. Position of hands is the measurement of time. Digital clock gives you exact value in numbers like 04:00 AM.

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