Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

the hybrid sp 3 orbitals are given by: sp a 3 = (1/2) (2s +2p x + 2p y + 2p z )

ID: 689915 • Letter: T

Question

the hybrid sp3 orbitals are given by: spa3 = (1/2) (2s +2px + 2py + 2pz) spb3 = (1/2) (2s -2px - 2py + 2pz) spc3 = (1/2) (2s +2px - 2py - 2pz) spd3 = (1/2) (2s -2px + 2py - 2pz) Show that they are normalized andorthogonal. the hybrid sp3 orbitals are given by: spa3 = (1/2) (2s +2px + 2py + 2pz) spb3 = (1/2) (2s -2px - 2py + 2pz) spc3 = (1/2) (2s +2px - 2py - 2pz) spd3 = (1/2) (2s -2px + 2py - 2pz) Show that they are normalized andorthogonal. spc3 = (1/2) (2s +2px - 2py - 2pz) spd3 = (1/2) (2s -2px + 2py - 2pz) Show that they are normalized andorthogonal.

Explanation / Answer

When one constructs orbitals, one is really mathematicallymanipulating the equations for the wavefunctions for tehelectrons. Normalization is the process by which the equationis required to show that the probabiltiy of an electron to occupyany place equals 1. Usually it involves putting anormalization factor in an equation to force it to equal 1. Orthogonal refers to the fact that the new orbitals (wavefunctions)describe mutually exclusive states for electrons with thosewavefunctions.