Help me explain correlation between light and infectivity of beetles by parasite
ID: 69340 • Letter: H
Question
Help me explain correlation between light and infectivity of beetles by parasite using primary references
I need 3 primary references which help to support by experiment and having a hard time finding them. maybe you know how to pick things up easier or have a little bit of time to spend - but I need to show that beetles who spend more time under ground and away from light have a higher immune system then beetles who are exposed to more light and because of this they don`t do as well with stressors or fending off parasites. Please, peer reviewed primary references ONLY, no google or regular articles, and point out where in the article it talks about the evidence I can use. The 2 beetles which i`ve tested were the tribolium castaneum and t. confusum beetles, and the parasite is the hymenolepis dimuta
Again.. only primary references, which are those long, tedius and often difficult to understand articles, and that`s all I can use.
Explanation / Answer
Hymenolepis worms live in the intestines of rats and are common in warm climates, and are generally found in the feces of rats, which are consumed by their secondary hosts - beetles. The worms mature into a life form referred to as a "cysticercoid" in the insect; in H. nana, the insect is always a beetle. Humans and other animals become infected when they intentionally or unintentionally eat material contaminated by insects. In an infected person, it is possible for the worm's entire lifecycle to be completed in the bowel, so infection can persist for years if left untreated. H. nana infections are much more common than H. diminuta infections in humans because, in addition to being spread by insects, the disease can be spread directly from person to person by eggs in feces. When this happens, H. nana oncosphere larvae encyst in the intestinal wall and develop into cysticercoids and then adults. These infections were previously common in the southeastern USA, and have been described in crowded environments and individuals confined to institutions. However, the disease occurs throughout the world. H. nana infections can grow worse over time because, unlike in most tapeworms, H. nana eggs can hatch and develop without ever leaving the definitive host.
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