i. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is inhibited by high concentrations
ID: 698906 • Letter: I
Question
i. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is inhibited by high concentrations of ATP j. ATP synthase is a multiprotein complex that spans the inner membrane and serves as a channel for protons k. NADH carries protons in the electron transport system to produce ATP I. Fatty acid synthesis begins with deactivated acyl and malonyl groups. m. The entantiomer of a (+) sugar rotates light counterclockwise n. Diastereomers can potentially be separated by their boiling points 21) Name the following: NOz OH NO2 22) Draw histidinyl-phenylalinyl-lysine at pH 7 (Show all charges) Hstdine His, H Lysine (lys, K Phenylalanine (Phe, F) MW 165.2 23) The following prompts correspond to the amino acid structure you drew previously: Draw "breaks" between the atoms of each peptide bond in the structure you drew above. Assume a protein contains the amino acid segment you drew: Circle any hydrogens which determine the secondary structure Put a box around any R groups which would face inside a globular protein. a. b. c.Explanation / Answer
i. This statement is true. A high concentration of ATP (source of energy in cellular respiration), will inhibit one of the enzymes in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by activating another enzyme (kinase) that phosphorilates the enzyme and inactivating it.
j. This statement is true. ATP synthase is a multi-protein complex that is located in the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. It acts as a channel for protons. An ATP molecule is generated for every three protons that go through the inner membrane into the mitochondrial matrix.
k. This statement is false. NADH is the protonated form of NAD+. NAD+ picks up protons in glycolysis and in the Citric Acid Cycle and take them to the beginning of the Electron Transport Chain. FADH2 has the same function. Once they reach the Electron Transport Chain, NADH and FADH2 release the protons and electrons. Releasing electrons produces energy that is stored by the transport of the protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
l. This statement is true. Fatty acid synthesis uses acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is used for the end of the fatty acid chain. Malonyl-CoA is specifically produced from acetyl-CoA for fatty acid synthesis, and it is necessary to produce the characteristic long hydrophobic tails of fatty acids. Logically, a series of reduction and dehydration reactions occur to produce saturated hydrocarbons from the original carboxylic groups in malonyl-CoA, but they are the precursors used by the fatty acid synthase (FAS) complex.
m. This statement is false. The (+) enantiomer of a sugar is detrorotatory and turns light clockwise ("dextro" means "right"). In contrast, a (-) enantiomer is levorotatory and turns light counter-clockwise ("levo" means "left").
n. This statement is true. Unlike enantiomers, diastereomers have different physical and chemical properties because they are not mirror images of each other. That means that they can be separated by distillation (taking advantages of different boiling points), or by recrystallization or chromatography.
Related Questions
Navigate
Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.