3.63 Explain why the properties of polycrystalline materials are most often isot

Question

3.63 Explain why the properties of polycrystalline materials are most often isotropic 4.6 Atomic radius, crystal structure, electronegativity, and the most common valence are given in the following table for several elements; for those that are nonmetals, only atomic radii are indicated Element Atomic Radius (nm) 0.1246 0.071 0.046 0.060 0.1445 0.1431 0.1253 0.1249 0.1241 0.1387 0.1332 Crystal StructureElectronegativity Valence FCC FCC FCC HCP BCC BCC FCC HCP Co 1.7 1.7 Pt 1.7 +2 Which of these elements would you expect to form the following with nickel (a) A substitutional solid solution having complete solubility (b) A substitutional solid solution of incomplete solubility (c) An interstitial solid solution

Explanation / Answer

Most polycrystalline materials consist of randomly arranged crystals or grains .Although individual grains have
different orientations and behave anisotropically by themselves, at a larger scale the material behavior is
determined by the sum of many grain orientations, and the bulk material acts in an isotropic manner. There are
some notable exceptions to this generalization. If the crystals or grains in a solid material are all aligned in the
same or similar directions (called “columnar” orientation of grains), as is the case in some turbine blades, the
crystal will exhibit anisotropic behavior.

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