Which of the following statements best describes the first law of thermodynamics

Question

Which of the following statements best describes the first law of thermodynamics? Choose one or more D A The sum of all of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the components of a system is constant DC. The energy gained or lost by a system must equal the energy lost or gained by the surroundings O E. Heat released by the system is absorbed by the surroundings D F. The work done by a system equals the work done on the surroundings G. The total energy of the universe is decreasing D H. Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can change from one form to another.

Explanation / Answer

(A)

The sum of all of the kinetic and potential energies of all of the components of a system is constant. False, we must account for internal energy as well.

(B)

?Euniv = ?Esys + ?Esurr = 0 True, there is no creation of energy

(C)

The energy gained or lost by a system must equal the energy lost or gained by the surroundings. True, their relationship is mutual Ea = -Eb and -Ea = Eb

(D)

?E = q + w . Only true when we account expansion work of a system as positive, W = P*dV becomes positive, so Q + w

(E)

Heat released by the system is absorbed by the surroundings. True, heat lost is heat gained bya other system

(F)

The work done by a system equals the work done on the surroundings. True, work done BY a is work done ON b

(G)

The total energy of the universe is decreasing. False, it is constnat

(H)

Energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but it can change from one form to another. True, they only change their forms

(I)

?E = Efinal – Einitial --> True, which states energy will not be created/destroyed

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