1. What is the Haber process? Why is it important? (Include Eq.) 2. Write balanc
ID: 710098 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What is the Haber process? Why is it important? (Include Eq.)
2. Write balanced equations for the steps in the Ostwald process for making nitric acid from ammonia.
3. Describe the steps in the nitrogen cycle.
4. Write equations for the reactions used to prepare urea, hydrazine, and dinitrogen oxide. Give a use for each.
5. List the stable nitrogen oxides. What is the oxidation number of nitrogen in each?
6. Complete and balance the following equations.
a. NaN3 + heat ®
b. NH4NO3 + heat ® (two different reactions) (write both)
c. nitric acid + glycerine ®
7. Describe the structure of white phosphorus. How does the structure account for its chemical reactivity?
8. Write balanced equations for the two different methods used to manufacture phosphoric acid starting from Ca3(PO4)2.
9. What is the purpose of adding polyphosphates to a detergent?
10. Give the formulas of the major compounds of group 5A elements used in fertilizers. (There are 6)
11. a. What is the commercial means of producing oxygen?
b. Write balanced equations for 3 methods to produce oxygen in the laboratory.
12. What causes the heating that is seen in the thermosphere?
What causes the heating that is seen in the stratosphere?
What is the biological importance of ozone in the stratosphere?
13. Identify some uses of commercially prepared oxygen.
14. Classify each of the following oxides as acidic or basic.
a. CaO b. SO2 c. CO2 d. Na2O e. P4O10
15. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of each of the oxides in problem 14 with water.
16. List the 3 ways in which sulfur is found in nature. Give specific formulas for each case.
17. What is the structure of the stable form of elemental sulfur? Describe the Frasch process for mining sulfur.
18. What is the other major source of sulfur besides mining? Write balanced equations for the reactions involved.
19. Write equations for the steps in the process for manufacturing sulfuric acid from sulfur.
20. Identify the 2 major chemicals made from sulfuric acid. What use do these chemicals have in common? Give another use for sulfuric acid (besides making these chemicals).
Extra credit:
Why might you expect the cost of nitrogen fertilizers to depend on the cost of natural gas and petroleum?
Explanation / Answer
(1.) It is the industrial implementation of the reaction of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.It is the industrial way of preparing ammonia.
N2 + 3 H2 = 2 NH3
(2) 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2 (g) = 4 NO (g) + 6 H2O (g)
3 NO2 (g) + H2O (l) = 2 HNO3(aq)
(4) AgNCO + NH4Cl → (NH2)2CO + AgCl
Urea used in agricultre, as raw material in industry for preparing chemical compounds like potassium cynate.
NH2Cl + NH3 → H2N-NH2 + HCl
Hydrazine is used as a propellant on board space vehicles
NH4NO3 (s) → 2 H2O (g) + N2O (g)
Nitrous oxide is used as aerosol propellant.
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