Nephron functions 1. Explain the importance of the nephron loop acting as a coun
ID: 71361 • Letter: N
Question
Nephron functions
1. Explain the importance of the nephron loop acting as a countrrcurrent multiplier, and why it is essential to regular nephron function.
2. A marathon runner with healthy kidneys experiences hematuria after a race. Explain what hematuria is, and discuss wether or not it is an emergency in this case.
3. Caffine, alcohol, and furosemide (Lasix) are all diuretics, but they increase urine volume in different ways. Explain how each diuretic acts to increase urine production.
A. Caffine
B. Alcohol
C. Furosemide
Explanation / Answer
Answer 1: Significance of nephron loop: Nephron loop is laso known as loop of Henle, after the name of its discoverer. It has very important loop of nephrons because it allows to reabsorbs water from the urine samples and make it highly concentrate (hyperosmotic conditions). This way it reduces the water loss from the body and produce the concentrated urea as the excretory product.
Countercurrent multiplier is kind of looping which is present in all human and aves to retain water and electrolytes. It generates a concentration gradient in the medulla and finally very high concentrated form of urea accumulates deep inside the medulla for its excretion.
Answer 2: Hematuria is a stage when hemoglobin (blood) comes along with urine of an individual. As athletes repeatedly undergo into severe exercises causes bladder injury that causes several vascular scars/lesions in the bladder and from these lesions blood comes and mixes with urea that changes the color of urine into slightly red (brown). It is not an emergency however the sufferer is advised for complete bad rest for revival of the ruptured bladder.
Answer 3: Diuretics are the compounds that enhance the urine production and therefore increase the volume of urine during each run. Mostly diuretics has different role for diluting the urine.
a. Caffeine: It increases urine volume by diuresis by blocking receptor of proximal tubular adenosine.
b. Alcohol: It is proven diuretics by inhibiting adinodiuretic harmone (ADH) of pituitary gland.
c. Furosemide: it is also known as lesix, and a anthranilic derived compound It is highly used as water pill for removing extra salts from the body. It blocks the reabsorption of sodium ions and consequently increases the urine volume causes Diuretics.
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