Conclusions: Summarize and interpret your key results in well-organized paragrap

Question

Conclusions: Summarize and interpret your key results in well-organized paragraphs. Be sure to address the following points. Compare the experimentally determined density of water to that taken from the literature. Discuss the precision of densities from the individual trials, as shown by the standard deviation, and the accuracy of the average density, as shown by the percent error. Did the use of a 10 mL graduated cylinder lead to higher accuracy? What are some possible sources of error? Discuss the density obtained for the metal rods. Report the percent error in your result and offer some reasons as to why your experimental value differs from the accepted value.

Explanation / Answer

==> "compare the experimentally determined density of water to that taken from the literature"

So this line basically means you have to compare the density data that you have calculated with the actual or experimental or true density of water that is given in "literature"="book/research paper"

==> "Discuss the precision of densities from the individual trials, as shown by the standard deviation"

I guess you have calculated the standard deviation of the densities that you got from the experiment. Now Standard deviation is a measure of how far the values in a set are from the mean(average) of the data that you have collected. If your standard deviation value is large that means a high number of data lie far from the mean value, which also indicates that your precision is low.

Basically you have to calculate the deviation where deviation = (average - actual)

calculate the average of the data you got, then subtract each data value from the average you will get deviation.

now standard deviation = (sum of the deviations for all measurements) / number of measurement

This standard deviation value says how precise a measurement is. If the standard deviation value is high then your precision is low, that's what they are trying to ask by that question.

==> "the accuracy of the average density as shown by the percent error"

this one is relatively easy to understand.

you just have to find the percentage error

% error = [(accepted - experimental) / accepted] * 100

where accepted value is the literature value of the density of water.

if the % error is less the experiment you have done has high accuracy and vice-versa.

==> "did the use of a 10mL ..."

I guess calculation of % error will give you the idea of accuracy from that you can comment on this question.

==> "report the percent error in your result and offer some reasons as to why your experimental value differ from the expected value."

To explain this there are two types of errors which comes under measurement error(since you are mesuring the density), they are:

If we consider random error then there is no way of fixing it. we just have to take the error and include in our data set.

systemetic error can be divided into 4 subparts:

See since I dont know the exact experiment that you've done so my answers are a little vague... But anyway do let me know in the comment if you have any doubts

Good Luck :)

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