The cell cycle is a series of events that must occur in a specific order to faci
ID: 71630 • Letter: T
Question
The cell cycle is a series of events that must occur in a specific order to facilitate cell division. Bacterial cells, archaeal cells, and even some eukaryotie organelles (mitochondria and chloroplasts) reproduce via a process called binary fission whereby one cell splits to become two identical daughter cells. In eukaryotes, the cell cycle is divided into three phases: interphase, (M)-phase and cytokinesis. Each phase occurs for a specific reason. In the space below draw in the missing phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and write a short description of what occurs during each phase. Which part of the cell cycle (interphase, (M)-phase and cytokinesis) is the cell in the longest? If your picked a cell at random from a culture of actively dividing yeast, cells, which part of the cell cycle (interphase, (M)-phase and cytokinesis) would this cell most likely be in? Why? If you added a drug that inhibited DNA polymerase to a culture of actively dividing yeast cells, which cell cycle state would you expect all cells to stall in? Explain.Explanation / Answer
Q1). In the circle, G1 phase is followed by S phase (synthesis phase) and G2 phase. This is followed by mitotic phases (four phases) and cytokinesis.
a. Prophase
b. Metaphase
c. Anaphase
d. Telophase
During cell cycle, the cell undergoes cellular processes such as growth, genetic duplication, and division. There are two main phases in the cycle, first is interphase, and second mitotic phase (M phase). During interphase, the cell simultaneously carries out its work and in preparation for division, duplicates its chromosomes. Mitotic phase of cell cycle includes both mitosis and cytokinesis.
Interphase is subdivided into three phases, namely the G1 (gap-one), S (synthesis), G2 (gap-two) phases. During G1 phase, normal cellular functions and cell growth take place, during S phase, synthesis of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and replication of the same occurs. This is followed by G2 phase, during which there is more cytoplasmic growth and preparation for cell division. DNA synthesis does not occur during both G1and G2 phases.
Mitotic phase of cell cycle includes both mitosis (karyokinesis) and cytokinesis. In animal cells karyokinesis (separation of nucleus) is usually followed by cytokinesis (separation of cytoplasm).
Mitosis is usually divided into four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During mitosis, the division of nuclear material starts with the doubling of chromosomes, followed by distribution between two daughter nuclei in equal proportion.
Prophase is the first phase of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. During this phase, cohesion that is present throughout the length of the chromatids is removed except at the centromere. The chromatids become more visible during this phase.
During the metaphase, two chromatids are formed from each chromosome by longitudinal splitting. These chromatids form the chromosomes of daughter cells.
During anaphase, centromeres are pulled and the chromatids become separated and move towards the opposite poles. These chromatids now are the chromosomes of the daughter cells, and are pulled towards the centrioles by means of spindle fibres.
In the stage of telophase, cytoplasmic division of the cell takes place (cytokinesis) during which each of the daughter cell receives one of the daughter nuclei. The interval between each division is called interphase.
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