I will give 5 stars if you can answer any of the following questions well. But i

Question

I will give 5 stars if you can answer any of the following questions well. But i would really appreciate if you were awesome enough to attempt the rest as long as you have an idea :)

1) Explain which distilation method (fractional or simple) would be most appropriate to seperate hexanes and dichloromethane.
2) If glass beads in the lab were replaced by a material with less surface area, will liquid seperation be better or worse? Why?
3) Why should the recieveing flask be submersed under an ice bath when collecting isopropanol or acetone?

*****Please explain in full (i.e more than 3 sentance) Thanks

Explanation / Answer

method of distillation --- for a mixture to be separable by simple distillation, the difference in the boiling points of the components of the mixture (dichloromethane - hexane) must be high. The boiling point of dichloromethane is 40.7 degC and that of hexane is 68.7 degC. This means that the difference in b.p's is 28 degC and thus the (dichloromethane - hexane) mixture can be easily separable by simple distillation. Also if you gather information about the realtive volatility of (dichloromethane - hexane) system, you will find it is approximately equal to 3. This fact is also in support of simple distillation as a method to separate (dichloromethane - hexane) Effect of surface area--- Any reduction in surface area of the packing of an absorption column will reduce it's efficiency leading to worsening in separation. The reason being that any separation process involving mass transfer needs sufficient area and time of contact. Clearly if you reduce the area, efficiency hence separation declines to worse. submerging of acetone/isopropanol receiving flask-- The receiver flask is generally kept under ice-bath in while collecting liquid product of organic distillation to achieve -> kinetic control of the reaction -> high speed and effective condensation of the distillate vapors that come into the receiver flask

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