1. The DNA sequence above has been re-written in Table 2 below. Transcribe and t
ID: 73803 • Letter: 1
Question
1. The DNA sequence above has been re-written in Table 2 below. Transcribe and translate the DNA sequence, recording your answers in the boxes below. Look for punctuation codons (start and stop) because it signals the ribosome when to start and when to stop.
Table 2: Normal DNA: Transcribe and translate the amino acid sequence. Pay attention to punctuation codons. Type your answers in all capital letters.
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
G A G
T G G
T A C
A T G
T C A
A G C
A C T
mRNA
Amino acids
What would happen to the protein if 3rd base code word 4 in the DNA sequence above were changed from a “G” to a “C” as in the example below?
Table 3: Mutated DNA: Transcribe and translate the amino acid sequence. Pay attention to punctuation codons. Type your answers in all capital letters.
Code word
1
2
3
4
(mutation)
5
6
7
DNA
G A G
T G G
T A C
A T C
T C A
A G C
A C T
mRNA
Amino acids
B. Consider the following hypothetical gene. Indicate the sequence of the bases in the mRNA produced during transcription, and the sequence of the amino acids in the polypeptide produced during translation.
Table 4: Effect of Mutation: Original Sequence
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
T A C
G G C
A G T
C C T
T C T
G C A
A C T
mRNA
Amino acids
Table 5: Effects of Mutation: Base Substitution
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
TGC
AGT
CCT
TCT
GCA
ACT
mRNA
Amino acids
Table 6: Effects of Mutation: Base Addition
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
GGC
CAG
TCC
TTC
TGC
AAC
T
mRNA
Amino acids
Table 7: Effects of Mutation: Base Deletion
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
GCA
GTC
CTT
CTG
CAA
CT
mRNA
Amino acids
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
G A G
T G G
T A C
A T G
T C A
A G C
A C T
mRNA
Amino acids
Explanation / Answer
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
GAG
TGG
TAC
ATG
TCA
AGC
ACT
mRNA
CUC
ACC
AUG
UAC
AGU
UCG
UGA
Amino acids
Leucine
Threonine
Methionine
Tyrosine
Serine
Serine
Stop codon
The amino acid sequence is Leucine- Threonine- Methionine- Tyrosine- Serine- Serine
Table 3:
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
GAG
TGG
TAC
ATC
TCA
AGC
ACT
mRNA
CUC
ACC
AUG
UAG
AGU
UCG
UGA
Amino acids
Leucine
Threonine
Methionine
Stop codon
Serine
Serine
Stop codon
The mutated DNA will give rise to the amino acid sequence as Leucine- Threonine- Methionine
B. Table 4: Effects of mutation: original sequence
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
GGC
AGT
CCT
TCT
GCA
ACT
mRNA
AUG
CCG
UCA
GGA
AGA
CGU
UGA
Amino acids
Methionine
Proline
Serine
Glycine
Arginine
Arginine
Stop codon
Translated amino acid sequence is Methionine-proline-serine-glycine-arginine-arginine
Table 5: Effects of mutation: Base substitution
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
TGC
AGT
CCT
TCT
GCA
ACT
mRNA
AUG
ACG
UCA
GGA
AGA
CGU
UGA
Amino acids
Methionine
Threonine
Serine
Glycine
Arginine
Arginine
Stop codon
Translated amino acid after base substitution is methionine-threonine-serine-glycine-arginine-arginine
Table 6: Effects of mutation: Base addition
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
GGC
CAG
TCC
TTC
TGC
AAC
T
mRNA
AUG
CCG
GUC
AGG
AAG
ACG
UUG
A
Amino acids
Methionine
Proline
Valine
Arginine
Lysine
Threonine
Leucine
Translated amino acid sequence after base addition is Methionine-proline-valine-arginine-lysine-threonine-leucine
Table 7: Effects of mutation: Base deletion
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
TAC
GCA
GTC
CTT
CTG
CAA
CT
mRNA
AUG
CGU
CAG
GUU
GAC
GUU
GA
Amino acids
Methionine
Arginine
Glutamine
Valine
Aspartic acid
Valine
Asp or Glu
Translated amino acid sequence after base deletion is Methionine-arginine-glutamine-valine-aspartic acid-valine-Asp or Glu
Code word
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
DNA
GAG
TGG
TAC
ATG
TCA
AGC
ACT
mRNA
CUC
ACC
AUG
UAC
AGU
UCG
UGA
Amino acids
Leucine
Threonine
Methionine
Tyrosine
Serine
Serine
Stop codon
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