A research group searched for and found a monoclonal antibody specific for the s

Question

A research group searched for and found a monoclonal antibody specific for the sex vesicle. The antibody bound only to the sex vesicle. The protein disappears after disjunction. We still don't know what the protein does, but it appears to be involved in the interaction that keeps the non-homologous sex chromosomes paired. Figures 1 and 2 below represent the testis and ovary and the gametogenic process. If you were to use this antibody to the sex vesicle to immunostain the tissues represented here, where would you expect to see staining Indicate by circling the appropriate cells. Explain.

Explanation / Answer

A sex-determination system is a biological system that determines the development of sexual characteristics in an organism. Mostorganisms that create their offspring using sexual reproduction have two sexes. The XX/XY sex-determination system is the most familiar, as it is found in humans. In the system, females have two of the same kind of sex chromosome (XX), while males have two distinct sex chromosomes (XY). The XX/XY system is also found in most other mammals, as well as some insects.The ZW sex-determination system is found in birds, some reptiles, and some insects and other organisms. The ZW sex-determination system is reversed compared to the XY system: females have two different kinds of chromosomes (ZW), and males have two of the same kind of chromosomes (ZZ).

As the above diagram does not depict the name of species, we have have to consider both sex determination system. Secondly, the protein detects the non-homologous sex chromosome pairing. Chromosomal pairing occurs in prophase stage of meiosis I and can be homologous (e.g. between autosomes, XX, ZZ) or non-homologous (e.g. between XY and ZW).

In seminiferous tubules the antibody will detect primary spermatocyte.

(Spermatocytogenesis is the male form of gametocytogenesis and results in the formation of spermatocytes possessing half the normal complement of genetic material. In spermatocytogenesis, a diploid spermatogonium, which resides in the basal compartment of the seminiferous tubules, divides mitotically, producing two diploid intermediate cells called primary spermatocytes. Each primary spermatocyte then moves into the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubules and duplicates its DNA and subsequently undergoes meiosis I to produce two haploid secondary spermatocytes, which will later divide by meiosis II into haploid spermatids.

A spermatogonium (plural: spermatogonia) is an undifferentiated male germ cell, originating in a seminiferous tubule and dividing into two primary spermatocytes (a kind of germ cell) in the production of spermatozoa.There are three subtypes:Type A1 cells, with dark nuclei. These cells replicate to ensure a constant supply of spermatogonia to fuel spermatogenesis; Type A2 cells, with pale nuclei. These cells divide by mitosis to produce Type B cells; Type B cells, which divide to give rise to primary spermatocytes. At all stages of differentiation, the spermatogenic cells are in close contact with Sertoli cells which are thought to provide structural and metabolic support to the developing sperm cells. A single Sertoli cell extends from the basement membrane to the lumen of the seminiferous tubule)

In ovary the antibody will detect vesicle no. 5 i.e. primary oocytes

(Oogenesis is the process of producing the female gametes, the Ovum, from the primordial germ cells. Oogenesis starts with the process of developing oogonia, which occurs via the transformation of primordial follicles into primary oocytes, a process called oocytogenesis.The succeeding phase of ootidogenesis occurs when the primary oocyte develops into an ootid. This is achieved by the process of meiosis. In fact, a primary oocyte is, by its biological definition, a cell whose primary function is to divide by the process of meiosis.Meiosis I of ootidogenesis begins during embryonic development, but halts in the diplotene stage of prophase I until puberty. For those primary oocytes that continue to develop in each menstrual cycle, however, synapsis occurs and tetrads form, enabling chromosomal crossover to occur. As a result of meiosis I, the primary oocyte has now developed into the secondary oocyte and the first polar body.Immediately after meiosis I, the haploid secondary oocyte initiates meiosis II. However, this process is also halted at the metaphase II stage until fertilization, if such should ever occur. When meiosis II has completed, an ootid and another polar body have now been created.)

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