Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) screen the cells of the body for abnormalities. U

Question

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) screen the cells of the body for abnormalities. Under normal circumstances, healthy cells are not harmed by CTLs, but pathogen-infected cells, and possibly malignant cells, are attacked and killed. CTLs kill target cells by inducting them to undergo [____]. The CTLs release [____], proteins that assemble within the membrane of the target cell to form transmembrane channels, and [____] that are proteolytic enzymes that enter via the perforin channels to activate [____] to initiate the programmed cell death.

Please pick one.

(1) necrosis, amphipathic, cys-asp self-activating proteases, a pathway

(2) autophagy, porin, subunits of edema factor, a signaling cascade

(3) apoptosis, amphiphilic, subunits of lethal factor, Bcl-Bax dimerization

(4) phagocytosis, ABC channel, capspases, granzymes

(5) apoptosis, perforins, gransymes, caspases

Explanation / Answer

(5) apoptosis, perforins, gransymes, caspases

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) screen the cells of the body for abnormalities. Under normal circumstances, healthy cells are not harmed by CTLs, but pathogen-infected cells, and possibly malignant cells, are attacked and killed. CTLs kill target cells by inducting them to undergo [_apoptosis___]. The CTLs release [_perforins___], proteins that assemble within the membrane of the target cell to form transmembrane channels, and [_gransymes___] that are proteolytic enzymes that enter via the perforin channels to activate [__capsases__] to initiate the programmed cell death.

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