Rank the following carbonyl compounds in order of decreasing equilibrium constan

Question

Rank the following carbonyl compounds in order of decreasing equilibrium constant for hydration.

Cl2CHCHO, ClCH2CHO, CH3CH2CHO, CH3CH2COCH2CH3, CH3COCH2Br

Explanation / Answer

CL2CHCHO>CLCH2CHO>CH3CH2CHO>CH3COCH2Br>CH3CH2COCH2CH3 HYDRATION OCCURS BY ATTACK OF WATER ON CARBONYL CARBON.FIRST THING TO CONSIDER IS STERIC FACTOR.MORE THE STERIC HINDRANCE MORE DIFFICULT IT IS FOR WATER TO ATTACK AT CARBONYL CARBON.SECOND THIG IS PRESENCE OF ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOMS ON CARBON NEXT TO CARBONYL CARBON. THEY INCREASE THE POLARITY OF CARBONYL CARBON BY ATTRACTING ELECTRON CLOUD TOWARDS THEMSELVES THUS MAKING CARBON MORE POSITIVE. SO REACTIVITY TOWARDS WATER INCREASES.MORE THE REACTIVITY,GREATER IS THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT.

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