14.2.3 Represent and reason Imagine the energy changes of two opposite-sign char

Question

14.2.3 Represent and reason Imagine the energy changes of two opposite-sign charged objects used as a nutcracker, as illustrated in the figure to the right. What happens when the negatively charged block shown in a is released and mowes near the nut, as shown in b? What type of energy decreases to make up for the increase in kinetic energy? to answer these questions. Note: The situation shown in part a is similar to that of a stretched spring a spring being stretched, the two opposite charges are pulled apart-like stretching a spring. In part b, this electric stretched Fill in the table that follows Instead of the coils of Using the language of energy, explain in words the Draw an energy bar chart representing the initial and process described ahove going from the initial state to final states the final state. Indicate your system cholce 14.2.4 Reason a. Des the analogy of a compressed ring for a xyst consisting of two similarly charged objects puded close each other mase sense Explain b. Does the anulugy of a stretched spring for a system consisting of two oppusitely charged objects pulled far upat make setve? Explain C. Discuss the limitations of both analogies.

Explanation / Answer

System of charges have three kind of energies.

1) Kinectic Energy

2) Gravitational Potential Energy

3) Electrostatic Potential Energy

Initial state refers to the state when the two charges are close to each other. Then only gravitaional potential energy exists between them due to height(depends on reference point).

Then work is done on the system to separate charges.

Final state refers to the state when negative is released then it will move towards positive charge.It will have electrostatic potential energy, gravtational potentail energy and kinectic energy.

a) This analogy makes sense because two similarly charged objects always repel each other. They can be brought close to each other to some extent. This can be thought of like a compressed spring which cannot be compressed more than a limit and the objects attached to the ends oh the spring can only be brought close to some limit.

b) Strecthed spring has elastic potential energy stored in it which is analogous to the electrostatic potential energy stored in system of oppositely charged objects separarted by a distance. Elastic Potential energy and electrostatic potential energy both can be converted to kinetic energy when the opposing force is removed.

c) Elastic Potential Energy is always positive and does not depends on the charge of the objects attached to it whereas electrostatic potential energy can be positive as well as negative.

Elastic potential energy depends on the maximum distance to which the spring can be strecthed without going beyond its elastic limit, otherwise spring will have a permanent fatigue. On the other hand electrostatic potential energy does not have this kind of limitation.

Objects are physically connected to the spring but there is no physical connection between charges.

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