1) Integrated metabolism A. A molecule of glutamate that you eat can eventually

Question

1) Integrated metabolism

A. A molecule of glutamate that you eat can eventually be transformed into part of a glucose molecule that you store in your liver. Circle the pathways/cycles below that are part of this overall transformation. Cross out any that are not.

Gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, citric acid cycle

B. Trace the metabolic path of this glutamate molecule through the intermediates it becomes on the way to being glucose. Draw the structure of glutamate and -D-glucose in the boxes. Indicate the order of transformation by writing “1”, “2”, etc next to each appropriate structure. Cross out the one molecule not involved in this pathway

C. The nitrogen atom of glutamate must be removed by oxidative deamination, and is incorporated into a molecule that is excreted. Draw the structure of this molecule.

2. For each of these cofactors, explain its chemical function and give an example of a particular enzyme that would use it:

TPP, PLP, biotin, FAD, NADPH

Explanation / Answer

Answers :

A.Gluconeogenesis.

B.glutamate is converted to alpha-keto glutarate which is an active intermediate in TCA CYCLE.alpha-keto glutarate is converted to succinct CoA and which is modified to fumarate and fumarate is converted to oxaloacetate. Oxaloacetate is converted phospho enol pyruvate (PEP) which inturn converted to glucose.

C.ammonia to urea preparation, which is excreted in urine.

2.FAD to succinate dehydrogenase

NADPH- to isocitrate dehydrogenase

Biotin as coenzyme to carboxylase enzymes.

TPP as coenzyme to pyruvate dehydrogenase.

PLP as coenzyme to serine dehydratase.

All these cofactors are useful in gluconeogenesis.

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