BACKGROUND INFO I am taking a forensic biology class. today in class we were int
ID: 78512 • Letter: B
Question
BACKGROUND INFO
I am taking a forensic biology class. today in class we were introduced to the concept of mtDNA as well as the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software. my current understanding of mtDNA is that 1) it follows a non-medelian inheritance pattern. 2) Homologous DNA recombination does not occur (or at least has yet to be observed). 3) it has up to 10 times higher mutation rate than nuclear DNA. 4) Barring paternal mtDNA linkage, mtDNA is inherited from the mother only. If any of these assumptions are incorrect please explain otherwise.
QUESTION
Determine whether your project mtDNA sequences are identical or not. Can they come from the same evidence? Can they come from maternal relatives? Can they come from paternal relatives? However, do not consider a case of the coinheritance of paternal mtDNA also known as paternal mtDNA leakage.
DATA
Consider only Base pairs 16000 to 16400
NC 01292 is the original sequence
how to read the following: sample x has a mutation at (basepair) of (nucleotide y) where it was (nucleotide z) in the original sequence
Sample MSM1513D1F 16069CT
Sample MSM1513D1F 16126TC
Sample IO-220 16250CT
Sample IO-220 16356TC
Sample MSM1513D1F 16390GA
16000 - 16140
16141 - 16281
16282 - 16400
TEXT FORMAT
rCRS(NC 01292): gatcacaggt ctatcaccct attaaccact cacgggagct ctccatgcat ttggtatttt
cgtctggggg gtatgcacgc gatagcattg cgagacgctg gagccggagc accctatgtc
gcagtatctg tctttgattc ctgcctcatc ctattattta tcgcacctac gttcaatatt
acaggcgaac atacttacta aagtgtgtta attaattaat gcttgtagga cataataata
acaattgaat gtctgcacag ccactttcca cacagacatc ataacaaaaa atttccacca
aaccccccct cccccgcttc tggccacagc acttaaacac atctctgcca aaccccaaaa
acaaagaacc ctaacaccag cctaaccaga tttcaaattt tatcttttgg cggtatgcac
ttttaacagt caccccccaa ctaacacatt attttcccct cccactccca tactactaat
ctcatcaata caacccccgc ccatcctacc cagcacacac acaccgctgc taaccccata
ccccgaacca accaaacccc aaagacaccc cccacagttt atgtagctta cctcctcaaa
gcaatacact gaaaatgttt agacgggctc acatcacccc ataaacaaat aggtttggtc
ctagcctttc tattagctct tagtaagatt acacatgcaa gcatccccgt tccagtgagt
tcaccctcta aatcaccacg atcaaaagga acaagcatca agcacgcagc aatgcagctc
aaaacgctta gcctagccac acccccacgg gaaacagcag tgattaacct ttagcaataa
acgaaagttt aactaagcta tactaacccc agggttggtc aatttcgtgc cagccaccgc
ggtcacacga ttaacccaag tcaatagaag ccggcgtaaa gagtgtttta gatcaccccc
tccccaataa agctaaaact cacctgagtt gtaaaaaact ccagttgaca caaaatagac
tacgaaagtg gctttaacat atctgaacac acaatagcta agacccaaac tgggattaga
taccccacta tgcttagccc taaacctcaa cagttaaatc aacaaaactg ctcgccagaa
cactacgagc cacagcttaa aactcaaagg acctggcggt gcttcatatc cctctagagg
agcctgttct gtaatcgata aaccccgatc aacctcacca cctcttgctc agcctatata
ccgccatctt cagcaaaccc tgatgaaggc tacaaagtaa gcgcaagtac ccacgtaaag
acgttaggtc aaggtgtagc ccatgaggtg gcaagaaatg ggctacattt tctaccccag
aaaactacga tagcccttat gaaacttaag ggtcgaaggt ggatttagca gtaaactaag
agtagagtgc ttagttgaac agggccctga agcgcgtaca caccgcccgt caccctcctc
aagtatactt caaaggacat ttaactaaaa cccctacgca tttatataga ggagacaagt
cgtaacatgg taagtgtact ggaaagtgca cttggacgaa ccagagtgta gcttaacaca
aagcacccaa cttacactta ggagatttca acttaacttg accgctctga gctaaaccta
gccccaaacc cactccacct tactaccaga caaccttagc caaaccattt acccaaataa
agtataggcg atagaaattg aaacctggcg caatagatat agtaccgcaa gggaaagatg
aaaaattata accaagcata atatagcaag gactaacccc tataccttct gcataatgaa
ttaactagaa ataactttgc aaggagagcc aaagctaaga cccccgaaac cagacgagct
acctaagaac agctaaaaga gcacacccgt ctatgtagca aaatagtggg aagatttata
ggtagaggcg acaaacctac cgagcctggt gatagctggt tgtccaagat agaatcttag
ttcaacttta aatttgccca cagaaccctc taaatcccct tgtaaattta actgttagtc
caaagaggaa cagctctttg gacactagga aaaaaccttg tagagagagt aaaaaattta
acacccatag taggcctaaa agcagccacc aattaagaaa gcgttcaagc tcaacaccca
ctacctaaaa aatcccaaac atataactga actcctcaca cccaattgga ccaatctatc
accctataga agaactaatg ttagtataag taacatgaaa acattctcct ccgcataagc
ctgcgtcaga ttaaaacact gaactgacaa ttaacagccc aatatctaca atcaaccaac
aagtcattat taccctcact gtcaacccaa cacaggcatg ctcataagga aaggttaaaa
aaagtaaaag gaactcggca aatcttaccc cgcctgttta ccaaaaacat cacctctagc
atcaccagta ttagaggcac cgcctgccca gtgacacatg tttaacggcc gcggtaccct
aaccgtgcaa aggtagcata atcacttgtt ccttaaatag ggacctgtat gaatggctcc
acgagggttc agctgtctct tacttttaac cagtgaaatt gacctgcccg tgaagaggcg
ggcataacac agcaagacga gaagacccta tggagcttta atttattaat gcaaacagta
cctaacaaac ccacaggtcc taaactacca aacctgcatt aaaaatttcg gttggggcga
cctcggagca gaacccaacc tccgagcagt acatgctaag acttcaccag tcaaagcgaa
ctactatact caattgatcc aataacttga ccaacggaac aagttaccct agggataaca
gcgcaatcct attctagagt ccatatcaac aatagggttt acgacctcga tgttggatca
ggacatcccg atggtgcagc cgctattaaa ggttcgtttg ttcaacgatt aaagtcctac
gtgatctgag ttcagaccgg agtaatccag gtcggtttct atctacnttc aaattcctcc
ctgtacgaaa ggacaagaga aataaggcct acttcacaaa gcgccttccc ccgtaaatga
tatcatctca acttagtatt atacccacac ccacccaaga acagggtttg ttaagatggc
agagcccggt aatcgcataa aacttaaaac tttacagtca gaggttcaat tcctcttctt
aacaacatac ccatggccaa cctcctactc ctcattgtac ccattctaat cgcaatggca
ttcctaatgc ttaccgaacg aaaaattcta ggctatatac aactacgcaa aggccccaac
gttgtaggcc cctacgggct actacaaccc ttcgctgacg ccataaaact cttcaccaaa
gagcccctaa aacccgccac atctaccatc accctctaca tcaccgcccc gaccttagct
ctcaccatcg ctcttctact atgaaccccc ctccccatac ccaaccccct ggtcaacctc
aacctaggcc tcctatttat tctagccacc tctagcctag ccgtttactc aatcctctga
tcagggtgag catcaaactc aaactacgcc ctgatcggcg cactgcgagc agtagcccaa
acaatctcat atgaagtcac cctagccatc attctactat caacattact aataagtggc
tcctttaacc tctccaccct tatcacaaca caagaacacc tctgattact cctgccatca
tgacccttgg ccataatatg atttatctcc acactagcag agaccaaccg aacccccttc
gaccttgccg aaggggagtc cgaactagtc tcaggcttca acatcgaata cgccgcaggc
cccttcgccc tattcttcat agccgaatac acaaacatta ttataataaa caccctcacc
actacaatct tcctaggaac aacatatgac gcactctccc ctgaactcta cacaacatat
tttgtcacca agaccctact tctaacctcc ctgttcttat gaattcgaac agcatacccc
cgattccgct acgaccaact catacacctc ctatgaaaaa acttcctacc actcacccta
gcattactta tatgatatgt ctccataccc attacaatct ccagcattcc ccctcaaacc
taagaaatat gtctgataaa agagttactt tgatagagta aataatagga gcttaaaccc
ccttatttct aggactatga gaatcgaacc catccctgag aatccaaaat tctccgtgcc
acctatcaca ccccatccta aagtaaggtc agctaaataa gctatcgggc ccataccccg
aaaatgttgg ttataccctt cccgtactaa ttaatcccct ggcccaaccc gtcatctact
ctaccatctt tgcaggcaca ctcatcacag cgctaagctc gcactgattt tttacctgag
taggcctaga aataaacatg ctagctttta ttccagttct aaccaaaaaa ataaaccctc
gttccacaga agctgccatc aagtatttcc tcacgcaagc aaccgcatcc ataatccttc
taatagctat cctcttcaac aatatactct ccggacaatg aaccataacc aatactacca
atcaatactc atcattaata atcataatag ctatagcaat aaaactagga atagccccct
ttcacttctg agtcccagag gttacccaag gcacccctct gacatccggc ctgcttcttc
tcacatgaca aaaactagcc cccatctcaa tcatatacca aatctctccc tcactaaacg
taagccttct cctcactctc tcaatcttat ccatcatagc aggcagttga ggtggattaa
accaaaccca gctacgcaaa atcttagcat actcctcaat tacccacata ggatgaataa
tagcagttct accgtacaac cctaacataa ccattcttaa tttaactatt tatattatcc
taactactac cgcattccta ctactcaact taaactccag caccacgacc ctactactat
ctcgcacctg aaacaagcta acatgactaa cacccttaat tccatccacc ctcctctccc
taggaggcct gcccccgcta accggctttt tgcccaaatg ggccattatc gaagaattca
caaaaaacaa tagcctcatc atccccacca tcatagccac catcaccctc cttaacctct
acttctacct acgcctaatc tactccacct caatcacact actccccata tctaacaacg
taaaaataaa atgacagttt gaacatacaa aacccacccc attcctcccc acactcatcg
cccttaccac gctactccta cctatctccc cttttatact aataatctta tagaaattta
ggttaaatac agaccaagag ccttcaaagc cctcagtaag ttgcaatact taatttctgt
aacagctaag gactgcaaaa ccccactctg catcaactga acgcaaatca gccactttaa
ttaagctaag cccttactag accaatggga cttaaaccca caaacactta gttaacagct
aagcacccta atcaactggc ttcaatctac ttctcccgcc gccgggaaaa aaggcgggag
aagccccggc aggtttgaag ctgcttcttc gaatttgcaa ttcaatatga aaatcacctc
ggagctggta aaaagaggcc taacccctgt ctttagattt acagtccaat gcttcactca
gccattttac ctcaccccca ctgatgttcg ccgaccgttg actattctct acaaaccaca
aagacattgg aacactatac ctattattcg gcgcatgagc tggagtccta ggcacagctc
taagcctcct tattcgagcc gagctgggcc agccaggcaa ccttctaggt aacgaccaca
tctacaacgt tatcgtcaca gcccatgcat ttgtaataat cttcttcata gtaataccca
tcataatcgg aggctttggc aactgactag ttcccctaat aatcggtgcc cccgatatgg
cgtttccccg cataaacaac ataagcttct gactcttacc tccctctctc ctactcctgc
tcgcatctgc tatagtggag gccggagcag gaacaggttg aacagtctac cctcccttag
cagggaacta ctcccaccct ggagcctccg tagacctaac catcttctcc ttacacctag
caggtgtctc ctctatctta ggggccatca atttcatcac aacaattatc aatataaaac
cccctgccat aacccaatac caaacgcccc tcttcgtctg atccgtccta atcacagcag
tcctacttct cctatctctc ccagtcctag ctgctggcat cactatacta ctaacagacc
gcaacctcaa caccaccttc ttcgaccccg ccggaggagg agaccccatt ctataccaac
acctattctg atttttcggt caccctgaag tttatattct tatcctacca ggcttcggaa
taatctccca tattgtaact tactactccg gaaaaaaaga accatttgga tacataggta
tggtctgagc tatgatatca attggcttcc tagggtttat cgtgtgagca caccatatat
ttacagtagg aatagacgta gacacacgag catatttcac ctccgctacc ataatcatcg
ctatccccac cggcgtcaaa gtatttagct gactcgccac actccacgga agcaatatga
aatgatctgc tgcagtgctc tgagccctag gattcatctt tcttttcacc gtaggtggcc
tgactggcat tgtattagca aactcatcac tagacatcgt actacacgac acgtactacg
ttgtagccca cttccactat gtcctatcaa taggagctgt atttgccatc ataggaggct
tcattcactg atttccccta ttctcaggct acaccctaga ccaaacctac gccaaaatcc
atttcactat catattcatc ggcgtaaatc taactttctt cccacaacac tttctcggcc
tatccggaat gccccgacgt tactcggact accccgatgc atacaccaca tgaaacatcc
tatcatctgt aggctcattc atttctctaa cagcagtaat attaataatt ttcatgattt
gagaagcctt cgcttcgaag cgaaaagtcc taatagtaga agaaccctcc ataaacctgg
agtgactata tggatgcccc ccaccctacc acacattcga agaacccgta tacataaaat
ctagacaaaa aaggaaggaa tcgaaccccc caaagctggt ttcaagccaa ccccatggcc
tccatgactt tttcaaaaag gtattagaaa aaccatttca taactttgtc aaagttaaat
tataggctaa atcctatata tcttaatggc acatgcagcg caagtaggtc tacaagacgc
tacttcccct atcatagaag agcttatcac ctttcatgat cacgccctca taatcatttt
ccttatctgc ttcctagtcc tgtatgccct tttcctaaca ctcacaacaa aactaactaa
tactaacatc tcagacgctc aggaaataga aaccgtctga actatcctgc ccgccatcat
cctagtcctc atcgccctcc catccctacg catcctttac ataacagacg aggtcaacga
tccctccctt accatcaaat caattggcca ccaatggtac tgaacctacg agtacaccga
ctacggcgga ctaatcttca actcctacat acttccccca ttattcctag aaccaggcga
cctgcgactc cttgacgttg acaatcgagt agtactcccg attgaagccc ccattcgtat
aataattaca tcacaagacg tcttgcactc atgagctgtc cccacattag gcttaaaaac
agatgcaatt cccggacgtc taaaccaaac cactttcacc gctacacgac cgggggtata
ctacggtcaa tgctctgaaa tctgtggagc aaaccacagt ttcatgccca tcgtcctaga
attaattccc ctaaaaatct ttgaaatagg gcccgtattt accctatagc accccctcta
ccccctctag agcccactgt aaagctaact tagcattaac cttttaagtt aaagattaag
agaaccaaca cctctttaca gtgaaatgcc ccaactaaat actaccgtat ggcccaccat
aattaccccc atactcctta cactattcct catcacccaa ctaaaaatat taaacacaaa
ctaccaccta cctccctcac caaagcccat aaaaataaaa aattataaca aaccctgaga
accaaaatga acgaaaatct gttcgcttca ttcattgccc ccacaatcct aggcctaccc
gccgcagtac tgatcattct atttccccct ctattgatcc ccacctccaa atatctcatc
aacaaccgac taatcaccac ccaacaatga ctaatcaaac taacctcaaa acaaatgata
accatacaca acactaaagg acgaacctga tctcttatac tagtatcctt aatcattttt
attgccacaa ctaacctcct cggactcctg cctcactcat ttacaccaac cacccaacta
tctataaacc tagccatggc catcccctta tgagcgggca cagtgattat aggctttcgc
tctaagatta aaaatgccct agcccacttc ttaccacaag gcacacctac accccttatc
cccatactag ttattatcga aaccatcagc ctactcattc aaccaatagc cctggccgta
cgcctaaccg ctaacattac tgcaggccac ctactcatgc acctaattgg aagcgccacc
ctagcaatat caaccattaa ccttccctct acacttatca tcttcacaat tctaattcta
ctgactatcc tagaaatcgc tgtcgcctta atccaagcct acgttttcac acttctagta
agcctctacc tgcacgacaa cacataatga cccaccaatc acatgcctat catatagtaa
aacccagccc atgaccccta acaggggccc tctcagccct cctaatgacc tccggcctag
ccatgtgatt tcacttccac tccataacgc tcctcatact aggcctacta accaacacac
taaccatata ccaatgatgg cgcgatgtaa cacgagaaag cacataccaa ggccaccaca
caccacctgt ccaaaaaggc cttcgatacg ggataatcct atttattacc tcagaagttt
ttttcttcgc aggatttttc tgagcctttt accactccag cctagcccct accccccaat
taggagggca ctggccccca acaggcatca ccccgctaaa tcccctagaa gtcccactcc
taaacacatc cgtattactc gcatcaggag tatcaatcac ctgagctcac catagtctaa
tagaaaacaa ccgaaaccaa ataattcaag cactgcttat tacaatttta ctgggtctct
attttaccct cctacaagcc tcagagtact tcgagtctcc cttcaccatt tccgacggca
tctacggctc aacatttttt gtagccacag gcttccacgg acttcacgtc attattggct
caactttcct cactatctgc ttcatccgcc aactaatatt tcactttaca tccaaacatc
actttggctt cgaagccgcc gcctgatact ggcattttgt agatgtggtt tgactatttc
tgtatgtctc catctattga tgagggtctt actcttttag tataaatagt accgttaact
tccaattaac tagttttgac aacattcaaa aaagagtaat aaacttcgcc ttaattttaa
taatcaacac cctcctagcc ttactactaa taattattac attttgacta ccacaactca
acggctacat agaaaaatcc accccttacg agtgcggctt cgaccctata tcccccgccc
gcgtcccttt ctccataaaa ttcttcttag tagctattac cttcttatta tttgatctag
aaattgccct ccttttaccc ctaccatgag ccctacaaac aactaacctg ccactaatag
ttatgtcatc cctcttatta atcatcatcc tagccctaag tctggcctat gagtgactac
aaaaaggatt agactgaacc gaattggtat atagtttaaa caaaacgaat gatttcgact
cattaaatta tgataatcat atttaccaaa tgcccctcat ttacataaat attatactag
catttaccat ctcacttcta ggaatactag tatatcgctc acacctcata tcctccctac
tatgcctaga aggaataata ctatcgctgt tcattatagc tactctcata accctcaaca
cccactccct cttagccaat attgtgccta ttgccatact agtctttgcc gcctgcgaag
cagcggtggg cctagcccta ctagtctcaa tctccaacac atatggccta gactacgtac
ataacctaaa cctactccaa tgctaaaact aatcgtccca acaattatat tactaccact
gacatgactt tccaaaaaac acataatttg aatcaacaca accacccaca gcctaattat
tagcatcatc cctctactat tttttaacca aatcaacaac aacctattta gctgttcccc
aaccttttcc tccgaccccc taacaacccc cctcctaata ctaactacct gactcctacc
cctcacaatc atggcaagcc aacgccactt atccagtgaa ccactatcac gaaaaaaact
ctacctctct atactaatct ccctacaaat ctccttaatt ataacattca cagccacaga
actaatcata ttttatatct tcttcgaaac cacacttatc cccaccttgg ctatcatcac
ccgatgaggc aaccagccag aacgcctgaa cgcaggcaca tacttcctat tctacaccct
agtaggctcc cttcccctac tcatcgcact aatttacact cacaacaccc taggctcact
aaacattcta ctactcactc tcactgccca agaactatca aactcctgag ccaacaactt
aatatgacta gcttacacaa tagcttttat agtaaagata cctctttacg gactccactt
atgactccct aaagcccatg tcgaagcccc catcgctggg tcaatagtac ttgccgcagt
actcttaaaa ctaggcggct atggtataat acgcctcaca ctcattctca accccctgac
aaaacacata gcctacccct tccttgtact atccctatga ggcataatta taacaagctc
catctgccta cgacaaacag acctaaaatc gctcattgca tactcttcaa tcagccacat
agccctcgta gtaacagcca ttctcatcca aaccccctga agcttcaccg gcgcagtcat
tctcataatc gcccacgggc ttacatcctc attactattc tgcctagcaa actcaaacta
cgaacgcact cacagtcgca tcataatcct ctctcaagga cttcaaactc tactcccact
aatagctttt tgatgacttc tagcaagcct cgctaacctc gccttacccc ccactattaa
cctactggga gaactctctg tgctagtaac cacgttctcc tgatcaaata tcactctcct
acttacagga ctcaacatac tagtcacagc cctatactcc ctctacatat ttaccacaac
acaatggggc tcactcaccc accacattaa caacataaaa ccctcattca cacgagaaaa
caccctcatg ttcatacacc tatcccccat tctcctccta tccctcaacc ccgacatcat
taccgggttt tcctcttgta aatatagttt aaccaaaaca tcagattgtg aatctgacaa
cagaggctta cgacccctta tttaccgaga aagctcacaa gaactgctaa ctcatgcccc
catgtctaac aacatggctt tctcaacttt taaaggataa cagctatcca ttggtcttag
gccccaaaaa ttttggtgca actccaaata aaagtaataa ccatgcacac tactataacc
accctaaccc tgacttccct aattcccccc atccttacca ccctcgttaa ccctaacaaa
aaaaactcat acccccatta tgtaaaatcc attgtcgcat ccacctttat tatcagtctc
ttccccacaa caatattcat gtgcctagac caagaagtta ttatctcgaa ctgacactga
gccacaaccc aaacaaccca gctctcccta agcttcaaac tagactactt ctccataata
ttcatccctg tagcattgtt cgttacatgg tccatcatag aattctcact gtgatatata
aactcagacc caaacattaa tcagttcttc aaatatctac tcatcttcct aattaccata
ctaatcttag ttaccgctaa caacctattc caactgttca tcggctgaga gggcgtagga
attatatcct tcttgctcat cagttgatga tacgcccgag cagatgccaa cacagcagcc
attcaagcaa tcctatacaa ccgtatcggc gatatcggtt tcatcctcgc cttagcatga
tttatcctac actccaactc atgagaccca caacaaatag cccttctaaa cgctaatcca
agcctcaccc cactactagg cctcctccta gcagcagcag gcaaatcagc ccaattaggt
ctccacccct gactcccctc agccatagaa ggccccaccc cagtctcagc cctactccac
tcaagcacta tagttgtagc aggaatcttc ttactcatcc gcttccaccc cctagcagaa
aatagcccac taatccaaac tctaacacta tgcttaggcg ctatcaccac tctgttcgca
gcagtctgcg cccttacaca aaatgacatc aaaaaaatcg tagccttctc cacttcaagt
caactaggac tcataatagt tacaatcggc atcaaccaac cacacctagc attcctgcac
atctgtaccc acgccttctt caaagccata ctatttatgt gctccgggtc catcatccac
aaccttaaca atgaacaaga tattcgaaaa ataggaggac tactcaaaac catacctctc
acttcaacct ccctcaccat tggcagccta gcattagcag gaataccttt cctcacaggt
ttctactcca aagaccacat catcgaaacc gcaaacatat catacacaaa cgcctgagcc
ctatctatta ctctcatcgc tacctccctg acaagcgcct atagcactcg aataattctt
ctcaccctaa caggtcaacc tcgcttcccc acccttacta acattaacga aaataacccc
accctactaa accccattaa acgcctggca gccggaagcc tattcgcagg atttctcatt
actaacaaca tttcccccgc atcccccttc caaacaacaa tccccctcta cctaaaactc
acagccctcg ctgtcacttt cctaggactt ctaacagccc tagacctcaa ctacctaacc
aacaaactta aaataaaatc cccactatgc acattttatt tctccaacat actcggattc
taccctagca tcacacaccg cacaatcccc tatctaggcc ttcttacgag ccaaaacctg
cccctactcc tcctagacct aacctgacta gaaaagctat tacctaaaac aatttcacag
caccaaatct ccacctccat catcacctca acccaaaaag gcataattaa actttacttc
ctctctttct tcttcccact catcctaacc ctactcctaa tcacataacc tattcccccg
agcaatctca attacaatat atacaccaac aaacaatgtt caaccagtaa ctactactaa
tcaacgccca taatcataca aagcccccgc accaatagga tcctcccgaa tcaaccctga
cccctctcct tcataaatta ttcagcttcc tacactatta aagtttacca caaccaccac
cccatcatac tctttcaccc acagcaccaa tcctacctcc atcgctaacc ccactaaaac
actcaccaag acctcaaccc ctgaccccca tgcctcagga tactcctcaa tagccatcgc
tgtagtatat ccaaagacaa ccatcattcc ccctaaataa attaaaaaaa ctattaaacc
catataacct cccccaaaat tcagaataat aacacacccg accacaccgc taacaatcaa
tactaaaccc ccataaatag gagaaggctt agaagaaaac cccacaaacc ccattactaa
acccacactc aacagaaaca aagcatacat cattattctc gcacggacta caaccacgac
caatgatatg aaaaaccatc gttgtatttc aactacaaga acaccaatga ccccaatacg
caaaactaac cccctaataa aattaattaa ccactcattc atcgacctcc ccaccccatc
caacatctcc gcatgatgaa acttcggctc actccttggc gcctgcctga tcctccaaat
caccacagga ctattcctag ccatgcacta ctcaccagac gcctcaaccg ccttttcatc
aatcgcccac atcactcgag acgtaaatta tggctgaatc atccgctacc ttcacgccaa
tggcgcctca atattcttta tctgcctctt cctacacatc gggcgaggcc tatattacgg
atcatttctc tactcagaaa cctgaaacat cggcattatc ctcctgcttg caactatagc
aacagccttc ataggctatg tcctcccgtg aggccaaata tcattctgag gggccacagt
aattacaaac ttactatccg ccatcccata cattgggaca gacctagttc aatgaatctg
aggaggctac tcagtagaca gtcccaccct cacacgattc tttacctttc acttcatctt
gcccttcatt attgcagccc tagcaacact ccacctccta ttcttgcacg aaacgggatc
aaacaacccc ctaggaatca cctcccattc cgataaaatc accttccacc cttactacac
aatcaaagac gccctcggct tacttctctt ccttctctcc ttaatgacat taacactatt
ctcaccagac ctcctaggcg acccagacaa ttatacccta gccaacccct taaacacccc
tccccacatc aagcccgaat gatatttcct attcgcctac acaattctcc gatccgtccc
taacaaacta ggaggcgtcc ttgccctatt actatccatc ctcatcctag caataatccc
catcctccat atatccaaac aacaaagcat aatatttcgc ccactaagcc aatcacttta
ttgactccta gccgcagacc tcctcattct aacctgaatc ggaggacaac cagtaagcta
cccttttacc atcattggac aagtagcatc cgtactatac ttcacaacaa tcctaatcct
aataccaact atctccctaa ttgaaaacaa aatactcaaa tgggcctgtc cttgtagtat
aaactaatac accagtcttg taaaccggag atgaaaacct ttttccaagg acaaatcaga
gaaaaagtct ttaactccac cattagcacc caaagctaag attctaattt aaactattct
ctgttctttc atggggaagc agatttgggt accacccaag tattgactca cccatcaaca
accgctatgt atttcgtaca ttactgccag ccaccatgaa tattgtacgg taccataaat
acttgaccac ctgtagtaca taaaaaccca atccacatca aaaccccctc cccatgctta
caagcaagta cagcaatcaa ccctcaacta tcacacatca actgcaactc caaagccacc
cctcacccac taggatacca acaaacctac ccacccttaa cagtacatag tacataaagc
catttaccgt acatagcaca ttacagtcaa atcccttctc gtccccatgg atgacccccc
tcagataggg gtcccttgac caccatcctc cgtgaaatca atatcccgca caagagtgct
actctcctcg ctccgggccc ataacacttg ggggtagcta aagtgaactg tatccgacat
ctggttccta cttcagggtc ataaagccta aatagcccac acgttcccct taaataagac
atcacgatg
IO-220:
TATATNCCAGTCTTGTAACCGGNNAATGAAACCTTTTTCCAAGGACAAATCAGAGAAAAAGTCTTTAACTCCACCATTAGCACCCAAAGCTAAGATTCTAATTTAAACTATTCTCTGTTCTTTCATGGGGAAGCAGATTTGGGTACCACCCAAGTATTGACTCACCCATCAACAACCGCTATGTATTTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGTACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACCTGTAGTACATAAAAACCCAATCCACATCAAAACCCCCTCCCCATGCTTACAAGCAAGTACAGCAATCAACCCTCAACTATCACACATCAACTGCAACTTCAAAGCCACCCCTCACCCACTAGGATACCAACAAACCTACCCACCCTTAACAGTACATAGTACATAAAGCCATTTACCGTACATAGCACATTACAGTCAAATCCCCTCTCGTCCCCATGGATGACCCCCCTCAGATAGGGGTCCCTTGACCACCATCCTCCGTGAAATCAATATCCCGCACAAGAGTGCTACTCTCCTCGCTCCGGGCCCATAACACTTGGGGGTAGCTAAAGTGAACTGTATCCGACATCTGGTTCCTACTTCAGGGCCATAAGNTNNNNCCCCCCCCCCCCNNNNNTNTAAANNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
ND-151 (MSM1513D1F):
TTATTCCCAGTCTTGTAACCGGAGATGATACCTTTTTCCAAGGACAAATCAGAGAAAAAGTCTTTAACTCCACCATTAGCACCCAAAGCTAAGATTCTAATTTAAACTATTCTCTGTTCTTTCATGGGGAAGCAGATTTGGGTACCACCCAAGTATTGACTTACCCATCAACAACCGCTATGTATTTCGTACATTACTGCCAGCCACCATGAATATTGCACGGTACCATAAATACTTGACCACCTGTAGTACATAAAAACCCAATCCACATCAAAACCCCCTCCCCATGCTTACAAGCAAGTACAGCAATCAACCCTCAACTATCACACATCAACTGCAACTCCAAAGCCACCCCTCACCCACTAGGATACCAACAAACCTACCCACCCTTAACAGTACATAGTACATAAAGCCATTTACCGTACATAGCACATTACAGTCAAATCCCTTCTCGTCCCCATGGATGACCCCCCTCAGATAGGAGTCCCTTGACCACCATCCTCCGTGAAATCAATATCCCGCACAAGAGTGCTACTCTCCTCGCTCCGGGCCCATAACACTTGGGGGTAGCTAAAGTGAACTGTATCCGACATCTGGTTCCTACTTCAGGGTCATAAAGCCTAAAAGCCCCCCACACGTTTATG
M5. Alignment Explore Data Edit Search Alignment Web Sequence DNA sequences Translated Protein Sequences IO- Display Help XExplanation / Answer
Project mtDNA sequence at different position.
IO-220 = C
MSM1513D1F = T
NC 01292 = C
IO-220 = T
MSM1513D1F = C
NC 01292 = T
IO-220 = T
MSM1513D1F = C
NC 01292 = C
IO-220 = C
MSM1513D1F = T
NC 01292 = T
IO-220 = G
MSM1513D1F =A
NC 01292 = G
Thus, All of the three mtDNA contains different sequence.
They cannot come from the same evidences. Although, rate of mtDNA is much higher than the nuclear DNA, but Human mitochondrial DNA has a mutation rates of ~3× or ~2.7×105 /base per 20 year generation. They can come from maternal relatives because during fertilisation only mitochondria present in the egg are remains in the zygote. They cannot came from parental relatives because paternal mitochondria present in the sperm are actively decomposed during fertilisation process.
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