The eects of cholera toxin are described in Box 12-2 in the textbook. Based on t

Question

The eects of cholera toxin are described in Box 12-2 in the textbook. Based on that description diagram a signal transduction that shows how cholera toxin acts. The basic structure of the pathway is indicated in Scheme 1 (available above). The components of the pathway are given in Scheme 2 (also available above). Note that boxes in Scheme 1 are to be lled with metabolites, and circles are to be lled with proteins. For each empty box or circle (labeled 1 - 24) identify what component it represents by choosing the appropriate letter from the choices in Scheme 2 (e.g., if you think component 13 is adenylate cyclase, your answer for 13 would be M. If two proteins form a complex, they are shown as overlapping circles. If a protein has a covalent modication
or a ligand bound to it, indicate that by designating the protein rst, followed by a dash, then the ligand or modication. For example, if you wish to indicate that component 19 in scheme 1 is G with GDP bound to it, your answer for 19 would be N-C. Please follow this convention so that Canvas can grade your answers. Note that components of the system can be used more than once.

Components 1-24

O lecture notes and additiona Scheme 1.pdf file:/// C/Users/xM Type here to search Scheme 2 (1) pdf x G In E. coli growing at 25 oc. C chegg study l Guided solut HOSPI H. cholera toxin A subunit A I. cholera toxin B subunit A R O, protein kinase A tetramer C C P. protein kinase A regulatory subunits Q. protein kinase A catalytic subunits R. ion channels, closed S. ion channels, open Na Cl 3:34 PM 5/3/2017

Explanation / Answer

The question components are not clearly visible in the image.

I have outlined all the components of GPCR signaling in the case cholera toxin

1. Intact cholera toxin

2. Binds to GM1 gangliocide receptor with B1 subunit

3. Receptor endocytosis

4. A/B ligand cleavage

5. A1 becomes active after A2 cleavage

6. A1 gets released into the cytosol

7. A1 activates Gprotein Gsalpha by ADP ribosylation

8. G protein in GTP bound form

9. GTP bound G protein Activates adenylate cyclase

10. Activated Adenylate cyclase produces cAMP

11. High levels of cAMP activates PKA

12. PKA dissociates into Regulatory and catyltic subunits

13. PKA phosphorylates several downstream factors including CFTR

12. Activation of CFTR

13. Open conformation of the receptor

14. Dynamic efflux of ions and water into intestinal lumen

15. Diarrhoea

Comment If you need further asisitance.

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