ANSWERS ONLY. 1. Why is an atom of sulfur smaller than an atom of silicon despit

Question

ANSWERS ONLY.

1. Why is an atom of sulfur smaller than an atom of silicon despite sulfur having more mass?






2. True or False?

a. Sulfur likes to gain two electrons. True False
b. Calcium as an ion has a -2 charge. True False
c. Chlorine atoms like to gain one electron. True False
d. Sodium atoms like to gain one electron. True False
e. F-1 is isoelectronic with argon. True False
f. Mg2+ is isoelectronic with neon. True False

3. Write the electron configuration of Mg+2ion: ________________________________________

4. Write the electron configuration of F -1 ion: _____________________________________

5. Which are the ionic compounds: N2O NaCl BaBr2 SiO2 AlF3

6. In an ionic bond the metal loses electrons and the nonmetal ________________ electrons.

7. Which is larger in each pair: Ca or Ca2+, P or P3- , Si or Cl 30. In a covalent bond, the two nonmetal atoms share electrons. Circle: True or False








8. Which are the POLAR bonds: C-H C-F O-H O-O Br-Br F-Br

9. What is the most electronegative element? ____________

10. What is the shape for PH3 ? ______________________________

11. What is the shape for Cl2? ______________________________

12. What is the shape for NH4 +1

13. What is the shape for HOCl
14. Is the PH3 molecule overall polar or nonpolar? ___________________________
15. Is the SiBr4 molecule, overall polar or nonpolar? ____________
_______

Explanation / Answer

6). In an ionic bond the metal losses the electrons and the non metal atom gains the electrons.

7). Ca2+ is smaller than its neutral Ca atom.

P3- is larger than its neutral P atom.

In a covalent bond 2 nonmetal atoms share electrons. this is the true statement.

8). Find the electronegativity difference. If the electronegativity difference is less than 0.4 it is considered non-polar, if it is between 0.4 and 1.7 it is considered polar, if it is greater than 1.7 it is considered ionic.

C-H bonds are considered non-polar because if you look at the electronegativities, they are relatively equal. This means that each atom pulls about the same on the pair of electrons, leaving them somewhere inbetween the two atoms. This means that the bond in non-polar, as no one atom has more control over the electrons than the other does.

EN C:2.25
EN H:2.20

C-F bond is a polar .

the electronegativity value for F is 3.98 and for C it is 2.55, therefore the difference is 3.98-2.55=1.43 and since 1.43 is between 0.4 and 1.7 this means the C-F bond is polar.

O-H bond is polar bond.

O-O is a non-polar .

Br-Br is non-polar

Br-F is slightly polar.

9). Flourine is the most electronegative element.

10). PH3 has 8 valence electrons in it.

Following the octet rule, you have a lone pair left over for PH3 on the P, giving it polarity. This gives tetrahedral and trigonal pyramidal for PH3.

11). Cl2 has a linear geometry.

12). The nitrogen has 5 outer electrons, plus another 4 from the four hydrogens - making a total of 9.

This is a positive ion. It has a 1+ charge because it has lost 1 electron. That leaves a total of 8 electrons in the outer level of the nitrogen. There are therefore 4 pairs, all of which are bonding because of the four hydrogens.

The ammonium ion has exactly the same shape as methane, because it has exactly the same electronic arrangement. NH4+ is tetrahedral.

13). The molecule is Hypochlorous acid and is HClO. The central atom of this molecule is the oxygen. Because the oxygen has two lone pairs of electrons, they will spread out as far apart as possible, which will push the hydrogen and the chlorine atoms down at an angle of about 106 degrees. As for it's physical properties, it's soluble in water, colorless, has a molar mass of 52.46 g/mol, and has a variable density.

The molecule has the bent structure.

14).PH3 is a non-polar.

15). SiBr4 is non-polar.

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