17. Which of the following is not true regarding Histoplasma capsulatum? A) Most

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17. Which of the following is not true regarding Histoplasma capsulatum? A) Most cases are in mid-western U.S. B) It is capsulated C) 80% of people in Ohio, Mississippi River Valleys skin test positive D) ls the cause of Histoplasmosis E) Growth in soil stimulated by bird, bat dung 18. Which of the following is not dimorphic and is the only medically important encapsulated yeast? A) Histoplasma capsulatum B) Cryptococcus neoformans C) Coccidioides immitis all of the above E) none of the above identify 19. Which antifungal drug binds to ergosterol in the fungal membrane and forms pores in the membrane? A Amphotericin B) 5-fluorocytosine C) Terbinafine D) The azoles E) Caspofungin 20. Which antifungal drug Inhibits B-1,3) D-glucan synthesis, which usually makes the cross-bridges in the fungal cell wall. Therefore cell wall formation is inhibited A) Amphotericin B) C) Terbinafine D) The azoles E) Caspofungin 21. What is the primary focus of infection for Systemic Mycoses? A) lung B) heart C) skin D) liver E) either of the above Part ll. Match the following items in Column A with the lettered items in Column B COLUMN A: 1. What activities put one at increased risk of contracting the dieseae? Name the serious side effects of amphotericin B that may limit its use in the clinica setting 3. Describe the tissue form of the disease 4. What animals are associated with Histoplasma infections? 5. Which opportunistic fungus forms narrow-based budding yeast? COLUMN B A. Renal toxicity (which is reversible if the drug is stopped), fevers and chills, anemia, and phlebitis at the intravenous (IV) site B. Small intracellular yeasts, which despite their name, are not encapsulated C. Essentially any activities that expose one to bird and bat feces, including spelunking exploring), cleaning chicken coops, or bulldozing starling D. Cryptococcus neoformans E. Histoplasma is found in soil contaminated with bird or bat feces.

Explanation / Answer

17. The answer is: B) it is capsulated.

Histoplamsa capsulatum is not encapsulated.

18. The answer is: All the above.

All the mentioned fungi - HIstoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Coccidoides immitis are all dimorphic fungi.

19. The answer is: A. Amphotericin

Amphotericin B binds to ergosterol and creates pores on fungal membrane.

20. The answer is: E. Caspofungin

Caspofungin inhibits B- (1,3) -D-glucan synthesis which usually makes the cross bridge in fungal cell wall.

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