Before ovulation, LH stimulates the theca interna cells of the developing follic

Question

Before ovulation, LH stimulates the theca interna cells of the developing follicle to produce (1), which diffuse to granulosa cells. FSH stimulates the granulosa cells to convert androgens to (2). In addition, FSH gradually increases LH receptors in the (3) cells, and estrogen produced by the granulosa cells increases LH receptors in the (4) cells. LH stimulates the granulosa cells to produce some (5), which diffuses to the theca interna cells, where it is converted to (6). Thus, androgen production by the theca interna cells increases, and the conversion of androgens to estrogen by the granulosa cells increases. As estrogen levels begin to increase in the follicular phase, they have a(n) (7) effect on FSH and LH secretion. Late in the follicular phase, a sustained increase in estrogen begins to have a(n) (8) effect, and LH and FSH secretion increases rapidly. The increase in blood level of LH is called the (9), and the increase in the blood level of FSH is called the (10). The LH surge initiates (11) and causes the ovulated follicle to become the corpus luteum. Shortly after ovulation, the production of estrogen by the follicle (12), and the production of progesterone (13) as granulosa cells are converted to corpus luteum cells. The increased progesterone and estrogen have a(n) (14) effect on GnRH release from the hypothalamus. As a result, LH and FSH release from the anterior pituitary (15), and, without a fertilized oocyte, the cells of the corpus luteum begin to atrophy, blood levels of estrogen and progesterone (16) rapidly, and menses occurs. If fertilization does occur, the developing embryonic mass begins to secrete (17), which keeps the corpus luteum from degenerating, estrogen and progesterone do not (18), and not occur.

Explanation / Answer

1) Androgens

2) Estrogen

3) Theca interna

4) granulosa cells

5) Estrogen

6) Androgen

7) negative feedback

8) positive feedback

9) Lh surge

10) FSH surge

11) ovulation

12) decreases

13) increases

14) negative feedback

15) increases

16) decreases

17) HCG

18) decreases

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