A buffer is a mixed solution of a weak acid or base, combined with its conjugate

Question

A buffer is a mixed solution of a weak acid or base, combined with its conjugate. Note that this can be understood essentially as a common-ion problem: The conjugate is a common ion added to an equilibrium system of a weak acid or base. The addition of the conjugate shifts the equilibrium of the system to relieve the stress of the added concentration of the common ion. In a solution consisting of a weak acid or base, the equilibrium shift also results in a pH shift of the system.

It is the presence of the common ion in the system that results in buffering behavior, because both added H+ or OH? ions can be neutralized.

Explanation / Answer

pH=pKa+log(salt/acid)

=4.77+log(0.175/0.2)

=4.712

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