1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS THE REFERENCE INTERVAL FOR POTASSIUM? 3.5-5

Question

1. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTS THE REFERENCE INTERVAL FOR POTASSIUM?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

22-26 mEq/L

2.4-4.4 mEq/L

NONE OF THE ABOVE

2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DRUGS IS USED TO LOWER PLASMA POTASSIUM LEVELS ?

KAYEXALATE

GLUCAGON

DIGOXIN

NONE OF THE ABOVE

3. Which of the following is the major cause of hyperkalemia?

renal failure

diuretic therapy

constipation

none of the above

4. Which of the following hormones increases potassium secreton ?

estrogen

progesterone

aldosterone

none of the above

5. THE ADMINISTRATION OF A LETHAL INJECTION IS USED TO CAUSE IMMEDIATE DEATH. THERE ARE THREE CHEMICALS USED. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS USED TO STOP THE HEART?

PENTOBARBITAL

PANCURONIUM BROMIDE

POTASSIUM CHLORIDE

NONE OF THE ABOVE

6. WHEN POTASSIUM LEVELS ARE EXTREMELY HIGH, KAYEXALATE IS INEFFECTIVE IN LOWERING POTASSIUM. INSTEAD , WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SHOULD BE USED?

DIURETICS

POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS

DIALYSIS

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

22-26 mEq/L

2.4-4.4 mEq/L

NONE OF THE ABOVE

Explanation / Answer

Ans1. a. 3.5 - 5 m/EqL is the answer.  Potassium is an electrolyte, which is a mineral in the blood that can be measured by a blood test. Potassium is ingested through food and electrolyte-enhanced beverages and excreted primarily through urine. The reference ranges of serum/plasma potassium levels are as follows:

Adults: 3.5-5.1 mEq/L or mmol/L

Children: 3.4-4.7 mEq/L or mmol/L (age dependent)

Ans2. a. Kayexalate is the answer.The final task in treating patients with severe hyperkalemia is to remove potassium from the body. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (kayexalate), which is not absorbed, binds excess potassium in the colon, carrying it out of the body. Kayexalate can be administered orally or rectally (as a retention enema). Because the major site of action for kayexalate is the colon, rectal administration is preferred for severe hyperkalemia. This lowers potassium within one to two hours and lasts for four to six hours.

Ans3. a. renal failure is the answer. Hyperkalemia, also spelled hyperkalaemia, is an elevated level of pottasium (K+) in blood serum. A buildup of potassium in the blood that diseased kidneys cannot filter out (called hyperkalemia) may cause abnormal heart rhythms and muscle paralysis.

Ans4. c. aldosterone is the answer. Aldosterone, the main mineralocorticoid hormone, is a steroid hormone produced by the zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex in the adrenal gland. It is essential for sodium conservation in the kidney, salivary glands, sweat glands and colon. It plays a central role in the regulation of the plasma sodium (Na+), the extracellular potassium (K+) and arterial blood pressure.

Ans5. c. Potassium chloride is the answer.Three drugs are used in lethal injection. Sodium thiopental or pentobarbital is used as an anesthetic to induce unconsciousness, pancuronium bromide (Pavulon) to cause muscle paralysis and respiratory arrest, and potassium chloride to stop the heart.

Ans6. a. diuretics. Fluid retention following reduction in the glomerular filtration rate causes extracellular fluid volume expansion that reduces tubular reabsorption by residual nephrons, thereby maintaining the external sodium balance. Diuretics are also used in chronic renal failure to treat edema).

.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse 1
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.