The first, second and third ionization energies of magnesium are 7.6, 15.0 and 8

Question

The first, second and third ionization energies of magnesium are 7.6, 15.0 and 80.1 e.v., respectively.

1)     Use an energy level diagram with four or more energy levels to illustrate the differences in these values. Include the nucleus in your diagram. Label the energy change that corresponds to each of the three ionization energies.

2)     Explain why the first ionization energy of 27Mg is the same as the first ionization energy of 24Mg.

3)     Explain why the second ionization energy of Mgo is greater than the first ionization energy.

4) Explain why the difference between the second and third ionization energies is so much greater than the difference between the first and second ionization energies.

Explanation / Answer

1)cant draw first one here but i guess its drawing horizontal lies correspodning to ground state and energy levels where the distance between lines is directly proportional to value of ionization energies.

2)The Ionization energies of elements depend only on the electronic configuration. This in turns depends on the charge of the nucleus but not on the mass of the nucleus. Hence the number of neutrons in the nucleus does not change this. That's why 24Mg and 27Mg have equal ionization energies.

3)number of protons to electrons ratio increases which increases effective charge on each of electron thus increasing Ionization energy.

4)

the third electron is removed from 2p orbital where as first and 2nd are removed from 3s.
Effective distance of 2p from nucleus is less than 3s.Ionization energy is inversely proportional to effective distance.
So difference b/w 2nd and 3rd I.Es is much greater than first and second I.E.

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