(PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.) NOT ONLY ONE QUESTION. ALL QUESTIONS. THANK YOU Q
ID: 803467 • Letter: #
Question
(PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS.) NOT ONLY ONE QUESTION. ALL QUESTIONS. THANK YOU
QUESTION 1 "Export of hazards" describes the process of
a. Sharing biologic agents with other countries
b. Installing chimneys in households using open wood fires
c. Outsourcing dangerous technologies from high-income countries to low-or-middle-income countries
d. None of the above
QUESTION 2 ________ accounts for the largest percentage of world water use
a. Industry
b. Towns, municipalities
c. Agriculture
d. Tourism
QUESTION 3 According to the Scientific American 2008 article "Facing the Freshwater Crisis", the technologies and policies tools required to conserve existing freshwater and secure more of it are known
True False
QUESTION 4 According to the Scientific American 2008 article " Facing the Freshwater Crisis", there are several factors determining the availability of water in a given place, such as location and ability to pay
True False
QUESTION 5 Sanitation coverage is lowest in ________ and in sub-Saharan Africa, where two-thirds of people do not have access to improved sanitation
a. South America
b. South Asia
c. Mid-East
d. Siberia
QUESTION 6 Access to safe water, remains below 60 percent of the population in both Sub-Saharan Africa and ______
a. South America
b. Mexico
c. Mid-East
d. Oceania
QUESTION 7 Only about _______% of all water on earth is fresh
a. 10%
b. 5%
c. 8%
d. 3%
QUESTION 8 According to the Scientific American article "Facing the Freshwater Crisis", investment in water facilities as a percentage of gross domestic product has _________ in most countries since the late 1990's.
a. Increased
b. Remained the same
c. Decreased
QUESTION 9 Beef requires more water to supply 10 grams of protein than
a. Poultry
b. Beans
c. Rice
d. All of the above
QUESTION 10 According to Chapter 10 in Merson, the three main categories of health effects from indoor air pollution are infectious respiratory diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and ____________
a. Adverse pregnancy outcomes
b. Polio
c. Infertility
d. All of the above
QUESTION 11 According to Chapter 10 in Merson, the largest environmental health burdens occur in low-and middle income countries with significant household-level risks True False
QUESTION 12 In the poorest developing countries with high mortality, unsafe water and indoor smoke are ranked as numbers three and _____ among leading risk factors for burden of disease
a. 10
b. 5
c. 8
d. 4
QUESTION 13 According to Chapter 10 in Merson, low-level environmental______ exposure in early childhood causes a deficit in neurocognitive development
a. Radon
b. Lead
c. Arsenic
d. None of the above
QUESTION 14 According to Chapter 10 in Merson, _________ appears to be the most widespread cancer hazard in drinking water in the world
a. Lead
b. Nitrates
c. Arsenic
d. None of the above
QUESTION 15 In 2006 WHO researchers estimated the global disease burden attributed to environmental factors at approximately
a. 18%
b. 24%
c. 32%
d. None of the above
QUESTION 16 When human waste is not removed completely from the household "environment" and isolated from drinking water supplies it can lead to outbreaks of
a. Malaria
b. Diarrhea
c. Measles
d. None of the above
QUESTION 17 The urbanized, high-income regions of the world, home to one-fifth of the world's population, contribute approximately what percentage of all greenhouse gas emissions?
a. 20%
b. 25%
c. 50%
d. 75%
e. None of the above
QUESTION 18 It is difficult to estimate the burden of disease attributable to environmental factors in part due to limited knowledge about disease etiology and the latency period between environmental exposures and health outcomes True False
QUESTION 19 In general, the low- and middle-income population are the most vulnerable to the health impacts of environmental degradation and change. True False
QUESTION 20 According to Merson, exposure is the amount of hazard actually encountered by humans in the course of their activities.
True False
Explanation / Answer
1.c.Export of hazards includes the processes of outsourcing dangerous technologies from high income counties to low or middle income counties eg electronic wastes like disused computers. televisions, are being exported to the developing countries for recycling, treatment and disposal which puts health of workers of the developing countries and their environment at risk.
2.d.In the world about 70% of water is used in agriculture whereas 22% for industrial and 8% for domestic use. So agriculture accounts the largest consumption of water in the world.
3. True: According to the journal fresh water crisis the technologies and ways to conserve fresh water like advanced desalination technology, low water sanitation, ship virtual water, more price for water, conserving irrigation water are known and needs to be implemented.
4. True: the availability of water in a given place depends on location as well as the ability to pay price for that. The ability to pay price is more important factor than the location. When the demand is more the supply of water is diverted more to higher revenue generating developed countries than the lower revenue generating less developed countries.
5. b.South Asia has the lowest sanitation coverage. About 953 million population do not have access to proper sanitation in south Asia. Some of the countries like Indonesia, Nepal, Iran, Kazakhstan, Papua New Guinea, Turkey are at risk of seriously missing their sanitation indicator levels in both urban and rural areas.
6.d. Access to safe drinking water targets were not met by Sub Saharan Africa, Oceania, Northern Africa and Central Asia according to the 2015 report of JMP.
7. d approximately 3% of water on earth is fresh and the rest 97% is saline. This fresh water is present in the form of glaciers, snow, ground water, soil moisture, surface water like lakes, rivers. Of which only 0.3% of fresh water is available in the liquid form in surface water.
8.c. The investment in water facilities as a gross domestic product has decreased by half in most of the countries since 1990s according to the american journal fresh water crisis.
9.c. To supply 10 grams of proteins beef would require 5 times more water than the rice.
10a. the three main health effects from indoor pollution are infectious respiratory diseases, chronic respiratory diseases and the advanced preganancy outcomes like still birth and low birth weight.
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