1. (i) List three demographic factors that can reduce effective population size
ID: 80576 • Letter: 1
Question
1. (i) List three demographic factors that can reduce effective population size ( Ne) below the census size of reproductive age adults (Nc).
(ii) For each of these factors, describe what it needs to be in a real population for effective population size to equal the census size (assuming that all other factors correspond to an ideal population). That is, what value would make the real population have the same “ideal” demographic characteristics as the theoretical ideal reference population used to estimate Ne?
(iii) What kinds of deviation from the ideal will these demographic factors need to show to cause Ne to drop below Nc?
Explanation / Answer
1)i)The three demographic factors that can reduce effecctive population size below the census size of reproductive age of adults include---inbreeding depression, environmental disaster and natural calamity, migration of species to new places and new born diseases from infection by bacteria and virus leading to the death of humans.
ii)the ratios are calculated for Ne/N values which are in the range of 0.2-2.0 and values for Nb /N were calculated and graphs were plotted with values for N where Nb is the number of breeders in the population. The groups were calculated for inbreeding depression, environmental natural calamity and migration in the range from 200-1000 for sampling analysis. Further mean,median,mode values were calculated along with P-value, regression slope analysis , correlation values analysis, variance, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis analysis for the populations.
The effective population size group number range approximates the theoretical ideal reference population number scale in graphs for ratio analysis with respect to N .
(iii)The plots and graphs of ratios for Ne, Nb, and Nc showed deviations due to change in the total census number of population for sampling groups like 1000-10,000,2000-20,000, 3000-30,000,4,000-40,000 etc.
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