Pharmacogenomics is a field of research examines how genes affect individual res

Question

Pharmacogenomics is a field of research examines how genes affect individual responses to medications. The long-term goal of pharmacogenomics is to help doctors select the drugs and dosages best suited for each person based on their genetic makeup. Pharmacogenomics looks at variations in genes for proteins that influence drug responses. Such proteins include a number of liver enzymes that convert medications into their active or inactive forms. liven small differences in the genetic sequences of these enzymes can have a big impact on a drug's safety or effectiveness. A that gene codes for a liver enzyme known as CYP2D6 is pharmacogenetically sensitive. a) What is the function of CYP2D6 protein? b) Why is it important to know the CYP2D6 genetic makeup of people who take pain killer medication? c) What is the location of the gene and what is the genetics of transmission? d) What is accounts for the differences in response to pain killers?

Explanation / Answer

A) CYP2D6, a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is one of the most important enzymes involved in the metabolismof xenobiotics in the body. In particular, CYP2D6 is responsible for the metabolism and elimination of approximately 25% of clinically used drugs, via the addition or removal of certain functional groups – specifically, hydroxylation, demethylation, and dealkylation.Other drugs, known as prodrugs, are activated by the action of CYP2D6. This enzyme also metabolizes several endogenous substances, such as hydroxytryptamines, neurosteroids, and both m-tyramine and p-tyramine which CYP2D6 metabolizes into dopamine in the brain and liver.

B)certain individuals will eliminate the painkillers quickly (ultrarapid metabolizers) while others slowly (poor metabolizers). If the drug is metabolized too quickly, it may decrease the drug's efficacy while if the drug is metabolized too slowly, toxicity may result.Hence the dose of the drug may have to be adjusted to take into account of the speed at which it is metabolized by CYP2D6.

C) The gene is located near two cytochrome P450 pseudogenes on chromosome 22q13.1. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

D)difference in response to pain killers by different individuals is attributed to the activity of cyp2d6. If it is highly expressed. Then the pain killers are readily degraded and the drug turns ineffective . Conversely if the expression is less, even little amounts of drug shows great effects

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