Consider Potassium atoms in a flame atomizer. The 4s to 40 transition has a spec

Question

Consider Potassium atoms in a flame atomizer. The 4s to 40 transition has a spectral doublet at 766 nm. (nominal - average of all 4p states)

1. What is meant by the term "doublet" in the description, and why does this occur in potassium?
2. Calculate the ratio of atoms in the 4p states (all three) to those is the 4s state for a flame temperature of 2800K
3. Potassium can be determined by flame-AES or flame-AAS, but the signal in Flame-AES is very noisy. Explain why this is so and also why ICP-AES acheives a less noisy signal.

1. What is meant by the term "doublet" in the description, and why does this occur in potassium?
2. Calculate the ratio of atoms in the 4p states (all three) to those is the 4s state for a flame temperature of 2800K
3. Potassium can be determined by flame-AES or flame-AAS, but the signal in Flame-AES is very noisy. Explain why this is so and also why ICP-AES acheives a less noisy signal.

Explanation / Answer

A) a doublet is a quantum state of a system with a spin of 1/2, such that there are two allowed values of the spin component, ?1/2 and +1/2. Quantum systems with two possible states are sometimes called two-level systems. Essentially all occurrences of doublets in nature arise from rotational symmetry; spin 1/2 is associated with the fundamental representation of the Lie group SU(2), the group that defines rotational symmetry in three-dimensional space.

Doublet spectrum occurs in Potassium atoms because they emit light at 404 nm which makes the ?ame violet. A much stronger emission line is at 767 nm, and it is easily detectable by the spectrometer but We cannot see this line because it is out of the spectral range of human eyes.

B)

You want to calculate the Boltzmann factor for the

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