Question 2. Answer the following, very limited half credit offered. Answer and d

Question

Question 2. Answer the following, very limited half credit offered. Answer and describe each for full credit.

B. List and describe the 3 methods of propelling and mixing food utilized in different segments in the digestive tract and where they occur.

C. Describe where breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats is initiated, what substances are involved and where the breakdown of each completes.

D. Describe where breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins and fats is initiated, what substances are involved and where the breakdown of each completes.

E.   Describe the response by the respiratory system to increased pH and decreased pH and how the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen vary with changes in pH.

F. Using partial pressures, describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs and the tissues.

G . Describe the oxygen dissocation curve for hemoglobin. Provide the % O2 saturation at PO2 of 40, 70 and 100.

E. Discuss the effects of pH and temperatures changes on the curve.

Please help explain each of the follownig :) your help is greatly apprciated!!!

Explanation / Answer

The human alimentary canal has mobility, that is, it has the ability to undergo movements the sequential contraction and expansion of certain parts. This mobility is very essential for mixing food with the various digestive enzymes and secretions and for churning and propelling the food. To achieve this, the gut wall has both circular and longitudinal muscle fibers.

Ideally, there are 3 types of movements that occur across the digestive tract:

1) Peristalsis:

This comprises of a wave of progressive contraction and distension, which helps in propelling the food ahead. The muscles expand in the region of the food and contract behind to push the food forward. This peristalsis begins in the esophagus and passes the food into the stomach. Also, both in the large and small intestines, food moves forward via peristalsis.

2) Segmentation movement:

This occurs in the colon and allows the solid waste food to proceed to the rectum.

3) Pendular movement:

This includes to and from circular contractions that occur in short segments. It results in the mixing of food with the digestive enzymes and juices.

Thank you!

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