Answer all 7 Questions: Save the image to read better. Distinguish among ionic,

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Answer all 7 Questions:

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Distinguish among ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding. Which of the following molecules possess polar covalent bonds: H2, N2, HC1, HCN, and CO2? Which of the molecules in question 2 have molecular dipole moments? What are the favored geometrical arrangements for ABn molecules for which the A atom has 2, 3,4, 5, and 6 pairs of electrons in its valence shell? How many equivalent orbitals are involved in each of the following sets of hybrid orbitals: Define the term formal charge. Calculate the formal charges of the atoms in CO, CO2, and CO32.

Explanation / Answer

1)ionic: due to interaction most electronegative and most electropositive elements can under go reaction to form ions which leads attraction between them which is called ionic bonding
EX* NaCl, KF
covalent : Due to sharing of electrons between atoms of similar are difeerent kind of atoms leads to form a covalent bonding
Ex: H2 , O2,CH4,H2O
metallic : in the metallic elements like Cu,Ag,Au,Fe etc the electrons in the valence shell cant confined to one atom the eelectrons are influenced by all the atoms(nucei) present in the metallic substance which leads to attraction that attraction is called as metallic bonding

2) HCl,HCN

3) HCl,HCN

4) ABn; lone paires.........structure
            2................linear
             3...............trigonal planar,angular
            4 ...............tetrahedral,pyramidal,angular,linear
              5..............TBP,seesaw,T-shape,linear
             6............... Octahedral,square pyramidal,square planar
5)Sp= 2 involved
Sp2= 1s+2p =3
   Sp3d = 1s+3P+ 1d = 5
   Sp3d2 = 1s+3p +2d = 6

6)
    FC = V - (N + {B /2})
     v = valence electrons
      N = is the number of non-bonding valence electrons on this atom in the molecule;
      B = the total number of electrons shared in covalent bonds with other atoms in the molecule
7)CO
FC = 4-1 -6/2 = 0
CO2
FC of C = 4-0 - 8/2 = 0
Fc of O = 6 - 4-4/2 = 0
FC of Co3^-2
FC of C = 4 - 0 - 8/2 = 0

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