l. Glucose is a major energy source in human physiology. The complete oxidation
ID: 83287 • Letter: L
Question
l. Glucose is a major energy source in human physiology. The complete oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H20 yields a standard free energy of change of -2,840 kJ/mol This cellular respiration process involves three stages, ie. glycolysis, TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. Here below you are the chemical structures of some molecules involved in this proces (a) One of the molecules shown above is only involved with the preparatory phase of glycolysis. Please identify this molecule by naming it. What is the energy cost of producing this molecule in terms of number ofATP molecules used? marks) (b) One of the molecules shown above is only involved with the payoff phase of glycolysis. Please identify this molecule by naming it. Starting from this molecule how many ATP molecules can be produced by the glycolysis marks) process? (c) The end product of glycolysis is not the exact same molecule that enters the TCA cycle. An enzyme is needed to catalyze the conversion. Please d the chemical structures of the two molecules involved, i.e. the end product of glycolysis and the molecule that enters the TCA cycle. Please also name the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion. (4 marks (d) Three of the molecules shown above are involved with the TCA cycle. Please name these molecules and arrange them according to their order in the TCA cycle. [Note: please answer in the format of Molecular 1 (name) Molecular 2 (name) Molecule 3 (name)I 4 marks (e) The electron carries such as NADH and FADH2 generated in the glycolysis and TCA cycle enter the electron transfer chain (ETC) for complete oxidation and ATP production. Please specify the number of enzyme complexes involved in the ETC process. Please write the balanced equation for NADH and FADH2 after they complete the ETC process. 5 marks (f The complete oxidation of glucose by cellular respiration can be written as Glucose 602 6 CO2 6 H2O 32 ATP. Please analyze how many CO2 and ATP molecules equivalent are directly produced in each of the three stages by filling in the following table 6 marksExplanation / Answer
Complete oxidation of Glucose
Complete oxidation of glucose
Glycolysis
TCA cycle
ETC process
Number of CO2 molecules directly produced
Nil
6
1
Number of ATP molecules directly produced
4
2
34
Complete oxidation of glucose
Glycolysis
TCA cycle
ETC process
Number of CO2 molecules directly produced
Nil
6
1
Number of ATP molecules directly produced
4
2
34
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