Question 40 While enjoying a CAPES club outing, one of your fellow members looks

Question

Question 40

While enjoying a CAPES club outing, one of your fellow members looks into a pond and says, Hey check out that Anapsid! To what was she referring?

Therapsid

Ichthyostega

Placental Mammal

Testudines

Holothuroid

Question 41

The first arthropods to ever invade the land are most closely related to

millipedes.

insects.

barnacles.

spiders.

crabs.

Question 42

The huge diversity of mammals following the extinction of the dinosaurs is a good example of:

genetic drift.

adaptive radiation.

natural selection.

increased mutation rates.

bottle neck effect.

                           

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a component of the physical habitat in which organisms live?

rock composition

grain size

bacterial concentration

wind speed

water quality

Question 44

The reason tropical deforestation is worse than temperate deforestation is because __________.

there's more carbon in the ground in tropical forests

rates of photosynthesis are higher in temperate forests

there's more carbon in the ground in temperate forests

governments in the tropics can't deal with the problem

there's more carbon in the trees in temperate forests

Question 45

The first species to appear in an area undergoing either primary or secondary succession is called a pioneer species.

True

False

Question 46

Tides are driven primarily by:

the density of sea water

surface wind waves

magnetic forces within the Earth

Gravitational attraction by the moon

plate tectonics

Question 47

Ironically, beach erosion is often caused by the very structures built to prevent the erosion in the first place.

True

False

Question 48

Why is the nitrogen cycle especially complicated?

It just is, now stop asking.

It involves multiple chemical form changes.

Because nitrogen tend to bind to complex compounds.

It is complicated by bacterial involvement.

Because Dr. Morris over-complicates everything.

Question 49

Energy enters the ecosystems mainly by the process of

nutrition.

metabolism.

biogeochemical weathering.

photosynthesis.

biosynthesis.

Therapsid

Ichthyostega

Placental Mammal

Testudines

Holothuroid

Explanation / Answer

Answer 40: Testudines (As explained below)

Therapsids are a group of synapsids. Icthyostega have Euryapsid skull. All mammals are synapsid. Turtles are among anapsids and they belong to the order Testudines. Holothuroid lack skull.

Answer 41: millipeds (As explained below)

Millipedes are believed to be the first arthropods to invade land. Scorpions, spiders, and eventually insects followed after them.

Answer 42: increased mutation rates. (As explained below)

Genetic drift will decrease genetic diversity. Bottleneck effect is seen when a significant number in the population die. Radiation was a major concern for survival in the period being referred to. Natural selection simply would imply survival od the existing and increase the number if similar type over the years. It can cause speciation though, not to the scale of diversity in the period being referred to. Increased mutation rates will lead to introduction of new genes in the population, also involving randomized mating. The sudden burst in oxygen atmosphere not only led to the survival of aerobic species but also encouraged randomized mating which led to introduction of new alleles and thereby increased diversity.

Answer 43: bacteria (As explained below)

Rock composition is a physical component of habitat; for example, birds usually depend on grit, very small-sized rocks for grinding food and rock piles provide shelter to chipmunks, rabbits, snakes, lizards etc. Grain size also significant physical quantity of habitat because beak size varies for various birds. Wind speed plays a role for various winged species including bats, snakes and birds, which use wind for transporting themselves, sometimes essential for hunting their preys as well. Water quality is essential for drinking, bathing, reproduction and at times, essentially for keeping body cool. So all the above except bacteria are a physical component of habitat.

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