A = True B = False filtration pressure (GFP) is inversely related to filtration

Question

A = True B = False filtration pressure (GFP) is inversely related to filtration rate (GFR). GFR is held constant unless MAP is too low or too high. The bulk of reabsorption takes place in the distal convoluted tubule MCQ Read and answer carefully. Unless otherwise indicated, answer the single best option. When systemic blood pressure (BP) rises, the vascular smooth muscle of the afferent arteriole in the kidneys constricts in response to being stretched, what is this called and what type of regulation is it? a. auto regulation, intrinsic regulation b. myogenic mechanism, extrinsic regulation c. auto regulation, myogenic mechanism d. tubuloglomerular feedback, intrinsic regulation e. myogenic mechanism, intrinsic regulation In response to a decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP). the kidneys will (select all that apply) a. signal the SA node to increase its rate of action potentials in order to increase Heart Rate. b. Signal the heart to contract with more force in order Stroke Volume. c. Conserve fluid in order to increase/maintain End Diastolic volume and thus Stroke Volume. d. Release hormones that directly activates the sympathetic nervous system. e. Signal systemic vasoconstriction in order in increase Total Peripheral Resistance Which of the following is not an example of extrinsic regulation of the nephron? a. sympathetic activation of granular cells b. sympathetic activation of afferent arteriolar smooth muscle c. renin release by granular cells stimulated by norepinephrine d. tubuloglomerular feedback

Explanation / Answer

The myogenic mechanism is how arteries and arterioles react to an increase or decrease of blood pressure to keep the blood flow within the blood vessel constant.

The smooth muscle of the blood vessels reacts to the stretching of the muscle by opening ion channels, which cause the muscle to depolarize, leading to muscle contraction.

The autoregulation is mediated by two major mechanisms. The first is a myogenic mechanism, which you all know that is simply that if we deliver more blood to the arterioles, we will stretch the walls. And as we stretch the smooth muscles of the walls, then that will open stretch activated channels and allow calcium to enter into those cells and then the smooth muscles cells will contract.

2)     Ans : E

When the tubule, the Macula Densa, in a kidney sense that signal as a low blood pressure or mean arterial pressure within the systemic circulation and that is within the body. Macula Densa cells signals the vascular smooth muscle cells, to change, to dilate, to relax, and to dilate the lumen of the afferent arteriole to increase the concentration of the two potent vasoconstrictors within the system to increase in resistance within the systemic circulation, and therefore correct for the low mean arterial pressure which the kidney had interpreted by having a low filtrate flow through the system. Now, there are instances where the mean arterial pressure is going to be outside of that boundary of 80 to 180 millimeters of mercury.

Macula dense cells are a type of baroreceptors on lining the arterioles, and release renin if a fall in blood pressure in the arterioles is detected.

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