Band theory uses molecular orbital theory to describe the bonding in metals and

Question

Band theory uses molecular orbital theory to describe the bonding in metals and other solids. Overlapping bonding and anti-bonding orbitals from the valence shell result in continuous bands. When occupied molecular orbitals overlap, a valence band results. When unoccupied molecular orbitals overlap, a conduction band results. These two bands can form a continuous set, or be separated by a gap, called the band gap. Classify these molecular-orbital band diagrams by whether they represent a conductor, a semiconductor (possibly p-type or n-type), or an insulator..

Explanation / Answer

The third figure in which there is no energy gap represents conductor. Due to this overlap of valence and conduction band conductors

The second figure in which there is small energy gap ~100kJ/mol represents semi-conductor. Due to this small energy gap semi - conductors we require some voltage to excite electrons from valence band to conduction band to flow current.

The first figure in with large energy gap represents insulator. due to this large gap in valence and conduction band insulators doesn't conduct as to overcome this energy gap we require hugh amount of voltage.

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