Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan? A. penicillin B. cephalospori

Question

Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan? A. penicillin B. cephalosporin C. vancomycin D. bacitracin E. All of the choices are correct. Beta-lactamases are enzymes that A. bind to penicillin-binding proteins. B. bind to peptides. C. prevent the linking of glycan chains in peptidoglycan. D. can hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring. The major classe(s) of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis is/are A. aminoglycosides B. tetracyclines. C. macrolides. D. bacitracin's. E. aminoglycosides, tetracyclines AND macrolides. Fluoroquinolones typically target A. ribosomes. B. penicillin-binding proteins. C. peptidoglycan. D. DNA gyrase. Sulfonamides are similar in structure to A. DNA gyrases. B. LPS. C. ribosomes. D. PABA. Mycolic acids are targeted by isoniazid in the treatment of A. S. aureus. B. S. epidermidis. C. M. luteus. D. M. tuberculosis. The target of most antifungal drugs is A. the ribosome. B. nucleus. C. cholesterol. D. ergosterol. E. cholesterol AND ergosterol.

Explanation / Answer

8. ANS: E. All of the choices are correct.

Explanation: -Lactam antibiotics are bacteriocidal and act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls.

9. ANS: d. Can hydrolysis, the beta lactamae ring.

Explanation: Through hydrolysis, the lactamase enzyme breaks the -lactam ring open, deactivating the molecule's antibacterial properties. Beta-lactam antibiotics are typically used to treat a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

10. ANS: E. Aminoglycosides, tetracyclines AND macrolides.

Explanation: The different classes of antibiotics are the following: Macrolides/lincosamides,aminoglycosides (the only bactericidal class in this group), tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, streptogramins and oxazolidinones.

11. ANS: d. DNA gyrase.

Explanation: The quinolones are a potent group of drugs that target the essential bacterial enzymes DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. DNA gyrase is the primary target of Gram negative organisms however; it is topoisomerase IV that is the primary targetof Gram positive organisms.

12. ANS: D.PABA.

Explanation: As a sulfonamide antibiotic, sulfanilamide functions by competitively inhibiting (i.e., by acting as a substrate analogue) enzymatic reactions involving para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).

13. ANS: D.M. tuberculosis.

Explanation: Isoniazid is a prodrug and must be activated by a bacterial catalase-peroxidase enzyme in mycobacterium tuberculosis called KatG. This process inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acid, which are required components of the mycobacterial cell wall.

14. ANS: D. ergosterol.

Explanation: Most antifungal drugs target ergosterol and its biosynthesis. Ergosterol is the functional fungal analog of cholesterol in animal cells; it is found in the fungal cell

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