Joe fell about 10 feet and broke his right fibula. Joe\'s broken fibula A) will

Question

Joe fell about 10 feet and broke his right fibula. Joe's broken fibula A) will produce new osteocytes from osteoclasts as it heals B) bleeds profusely C) will heal very slowly because bone is a vascular. D) will hill more quickly if osteoclasts are stimulated more than osteoblasts. E) will produce more calcitriol until it heals. Fortunately for he landed right on front of a park ranger who transports him to the hospital During his trip to the hospital, Joe is sweating and breathing deeply because his A) muscles produced a lot of heat during his run. B) extracellular fluid is more acidic than before the run thus stimulating respiratory system C) broken bone needs extra oxygen to heal. D) A and B E) B and C Joe also suffered numerous small shallow cuts when running through thorny bushes. The bleeding from the cuts has stopped by the time Joe reaches the hospital Which in accounts for this? A) collagen B) elastin C) reticular fibers D) fibrin E) heparin Joe notices that many of the small cuts show of signs of slight swelling at the edges and they begin to itch. This is likely due to _____cells secreting _____ A) macrophages; collagen B) melanocytes; C) mast; collagen D) mast; histamine E) histamine In the first few days week into Joe's recovery a soft callus forms at the side of the break in his fibule. The soft callus is mainly made of

Explanation / Answer

29. The fibula and tibia are the two long bones of the lower leg. The fibula, or calf bone, is a small bone located on the outside of the leg.
The tibia, or shinbone, is the weight-bearing bone and is in the inside of the lower leg.Joes broken fibula will produce new osteocytes from osteoclasts as it heals. Osteoclasts have more number of lysosomes , they also release calcium in response to parathyroid hormone (PTH) thereby increasing resorption of calcium in the bone promoting faster healing.

Hence, the correct option is (A).

30. Joe is sweating and breathing deeply , during his visit to the hospital because muscles produced alot of heat during his run by burning fuels such as fats and carbohydrates in a series of chemical reactions that produce heat.
Extracellular fluid is more acidic than before the run, stimulating the respiratory system because oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The combination of carbon dioxide and hydrogen creates a reaction that causes acidity inside the bloodstream, which decreases the pH of blood.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

31. In blood plasma there is a specific protein called fibrinogen. In an open wound the enzyme thrombin unites with the fibrinogen to form needlelike crystals called fibrin. This union forms a biochemical alliance that catches blood cells called corpuscles as they try to flood out of the body through the wound. Therefore, the protein that stopped bleeding by the time Joe reached hospital is fibrin.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

32. Joe notices that many of the small cuts show signs of slight swelling at the edges and they begin to itch. This is likely due to mast cells secreting histamine. Mast cell releases granules and powerful chemical mediators, such as histamine, cytokines, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leukotrienes, heparin, and many proteases into the environment.
These chemical mediators cause the characteristic symptoms of allergy.

Hence, the correct option is (D).

33. In the first few days into a week in Joes recovery,a soft callus forms at the site of the break in his fibula.
Early soft callus is mainly composed mainly of fibrous tissue, cartilage, & some bone increased vascularity.

Hence, the correct option is (E).

34. The basal firing rate for vagus for the vagus nerve is 10 action potentials per second. If the frequency is increased to 500 action potentials per second, heart rate decreases. This is because increase in action potential , increases the release of acetycholine which acts on the cardiac muscles causing transitory discontinuation of heartbeats.

It also causes bronchoconstriction and pupillary constriction but not bronchodilation and pupillary dilation.

Hence, the correct option is (B).

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