a. Explain what Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is. Cite at least four factors that c

Question

a. Explain what Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is. Cite at least four factors that can shift a population out of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and briefly discuss each one. b. You have genotyped a population of sheep for a gene that has only two allelic variants. In total 2, 500 animals were genotyped. There are 535 homozygotes for one of the alleles and 1, 335 homozygotes for the other allele. The other 630 animals are heterozygotes. What are the expected genotypic frequencies and number of animals in each genotypic class if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? Is the observed population in equilibrium (for 1 degree of freedom and alpha = 5%, x^2 T = 3.84)? If the population is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium what would you postulate is happening?

Explanation / Answer

The Hardy Weinberg Principle also known as thflow and meoitic drivee Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium,Model.theorem or Law.it states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to geneteration in the absence of other evolutionary influences.These influences include mate choice,mutation selection,gene flow and meoitic drive.

Some major factors which affect the genetic equilibrium and induce the variability in population are:

A Mutation

B Recombination during sexual reproduction

C Genetic Drift

D Natural selection

MUTATION:Mutations are considered as raw material for evolution.They help to create and provide variations in population along with generic recombination,The collection of genes in a population is reffered to as "gene pool".Mutation enrich the gene pool with new modified genes.A large scale accumulation of such genes will lead to evolutionary modifications.

b) The hardy weinberg expression is

p2+2pq+q2=1

p2=frequency of homozygous genotype

2pq=frequency of heterozygous genotype

If the allele frequency from one round of random mating change at all from the original frequency the population is not in Hardy weinberg Equilibrium.

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