rld. The The Microbial World Lec... Disproving the Theory of spontaneous Generat
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rld. The The Microbial World Lec... Disproving the Theory of spontaneous Generation Foundation Figure 1.3 art A Spontaneous Generation versus Biogenesis In this activity. you wil distinguish the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis. For each of the following statements, determine whether itrefers to the theory of spontaneous generation or to biogenesis. Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins. Microorganisms present in nonliving Living cells can arise from nonliving Life can arise spontaneously from maiiei can lead io new nonliving matter. matter under favorable conditions. microorganisms. Life can arise as a result of Vital forces in nonliving matter can Living cells can arise only from microorganisms present in noniving preexisting living cells. lead to new life. Biogenesis Spontaneous generation O Ask me anything Reset HelpExplanation / Answer
Spontaneous generation was the initial concept which held powerfully among people providing strong proof of existence of god. But later on, many experiments lead to a new concept called biogenesis. Later experiments recognized the cell as basic unit of organisms and leads to the cell theory, which includes all living organisms are made of cells and their products, new cells are produced by existing cells, and cells are the basic building units of life .
The main difference between biogenesis and spontaneous generation is that the spontaneous generations suggested that living things comes from nonliving things, whereas biogenesis suggested that living things can arise from preexisting living things.
Spontaneous generation suggested there was a vital power that gave rise to microorganisms, whereas biogenesis suggested microorganisms also arise from existing living cell.
Through a lot of inventions and experiment results, it was suggested that all living things come from preexisting cell, whereas spontaneous generation did not.
Different scientists proved by the help of experiment, that biogenesis is the reason for generation of life, whereas those experiments disproved the spontaneous generation.
Francesco Redi (1626-1697):- Most famous for his experiment on "spontaneous generation" – Recognized as Aristotelian abiogenesis. At the time, existing wisdom was that maggots made naturally from rotting meat. He placed meat in a jar enclosed with gauze in own research ,and attracted by the odor of the meal flies laid eggs on the covering form where the egg maggots developed. From the experiment it was proved that the origin of the maggots was the flies, not the meals.
John Needham (1713-1781):-Spontaneous generation was first proved by John Needham. In his experiment he heated pieces of meat to destroy pre existing organism by placing them in open flasks .On the surface he found micro organisms in colonies from the experiment, He came in decision that organisms can be originated spontaneously.
Lazaro Spallanzani (1729-1799):- . By this experiment he disproved the theory of spontaneous generation given by John Needham. He boiled beef broth(provided a source of potential external microbial contaminants) in flasks for an hour and then sealed the flasks, that is provided heat for destroy micro organism already present in the beef broth.No microscopic organisms appeared following incubation .But Needham strongly opposed him because Needham insisted that, air was essential to the spontaneous production of microscopic things.
Franz Schulze (1815-1873):- Theodor Schwan (1810-1882):-His work was similar to Franz Schulze. In his experiment he passed air into his flasks through red hot tubes. In the experiment microbes did not appear in the broth, Because existing microbes in the air was killed by heat.
Spontaneous generation: Louise Pasteur(1820-1910): He performed a series of definite experiment to proof the theory of biogenesis. In his experiment he used flasks with long ,cured stems similar to swan or goose neck , which were filled with broth and heated. Air(provided a nutritious environment to support microbial growth) could pass freely through the open necks, but no microbes appeared in the solution. Dust particles and microbes ad established in the u-shaped section of the curved tube but did not read the broth. By this experiment he completely disproved the theory of biogenesis and provided the physical condition for trapping airborne contaminants and preventing microorganism from entering the flask Pasteur’s S-shaped flask kept microbes out but let air in and proved microbes only come from other microbes (life from life) – biogenesis.
FERMENTATION: Louis Pasteur (1822-1895):- He established the germ theory of fermentation. Fermentation of fruits and grains, resulting in alcohol by microbes. He found microbes of different sorts by examining many batches of ‘ferment’ Pasteur suggest that the undesirable types of microbes must be removed by heating.
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