The nerve cell is specialized to use properties exhibited by all cells including

Question

The nerve cell is specialized to use properties exhibited by all cells including: a) Separation of the fluid environment inside and outside the cell. b) Active transport of Na^+ out of and K+ into the cell, d) generating electrical impulses in response to a stimulus, e) All of these are true. If you were going to develop a new antibiotic against bacteria, you might study the properties of: a) glycogen b) chitin c) peptidoglycan d)cellulose e) starch Which one of the following would you fail to find in a prokaryote? a) DNA b) A cell wall c) A mitochondrion d) A plasma membrane e) Proteins

Explanation / Answer

83. e) All of these are true

Neurons signal information by graded potentials and action potentials. Membrane potentials are generated by the diffusion of the ions and are determined by (a) the ionic concentration differences across the membrane and (b) the membrane's relative permeability to ions. Plasma membrane Na, K - ATPase pumps maintain intracellular sodium concentration low and potassium high. The signal from a pre- to post- synaptic neuron is a neurotransmitter stored in synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic axon terminal.

84. c) peptidoglycan

Bacterial cell wall is composed of mucopeptide (peptidoglycan or murein) scaffolding formed by N acetyl glucosamine and N acetyl muramic acid molecules alternating in chains. The cell wall carry bacterial antigens that are important in virulence and immunity. The lipopolysaccharides present on the cell walls of Gram negative bacteria account for their endotoxic activity and O antigen specificity. They were formerly known as the Boivin antigen.

85. c) A mitochondrion

Eukaryotic cells are distinguished by the presence of a nuclear membrane surrounding the cell nucleus and the presence of numerous membrane bound organelles within the cell. Prokaryotic cells lack these membrane structures.

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