10. Select the appropriate rate law for the substitution reaction between an alk

Question

10. Select the appropriate rate law for the substitution reaction between an alkyl halide [RX], and hydroxide [OH] given the following observed relative rates in experiments a-c Experiment # RX] 0.02M 0.02M 0.04M 0.02M 0.02M 0.06M [OH]- Obs. Rel. Rate - 2 a) Rate- k[RX] b) Rate-k[RX][OH] c) Rate- k[RX]?[OH] d) Rate- k[OH]3 11. The order of a reaction (e.g., as in Sn1 or SN2, El or E2) tells a) how many of each reactant is involved in the rate-determining step of the reaction b) which reactants appear in the overall equation c) the neatness with which one can carry out the reaction d) the change in energy (AG) occurring during the reaction

Explanation / Answer

10) let the rate law be

rate = k [RX]^x [OH-]^y

x and y are the orders

now

consider experiment a and c

we get

[RX] = constant

so

rate c / rate a = ([OH-]c/ [OH-]b)^y

so

3/1 = ( 0.06/0.02)^y

y = 1

now

consider experiment a and b

we get

[OH-] = constant

so

rate b / rate a = ( [RX]b / [RX]a)^x

2/1 = ( 0.04/0.02)^x

x= 1

so

the rate law is

rate = k [RX] [OH-]

so

the answer is option b) rate = k [RX] [OH-]

11) the order of reaction tells how many of each reactant is involved in the rate determining step

so the answer is option a

12)

we know that

nuclephile is the one which can donate a pair of electrons

electrophile is the one which can accept a pair of electrons

now

H30+ is an electrophile as it cannot accept further electrons

I-, ethylene is a nulcleophile as it can donate it paris of electrons but cannot accept electrons

ch3Oh can act as both because of the polarity of C-O bond

so

the answer it option B) Methanol , CH3OH

13)

the SN1 reaction does not depend much on the strength of the nucleophile

so

option d is true

the rate depends on the nature of the halide leaving group

so option b is true

the reaction if favoured by polar protic solvent

so the option c is ture

now

Sn1 reactions have a first-order dependence on the substate and zero-order dependence on nucleophile

so the option a is wrong

so

the answer is option a

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