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Data Table 1. Anion Confirmation Tests. Chemical Anion Addition of AgNO 3 Additi

ID: 879370 • Letter: D

Question

Data Table 1. Anion Confirmation Tests.

Chemical

Anion

Addition of AgNO3

Addition of HCl

NaBr

Bromide

It became white and cloudy

Still was white and cloudy

Na2CO3

Carbonate

Clear inside white and cloudy around the outside

Still white and cloudy but bubbles start to form

NaCl

Chloride

Turn white cloudy on bottom clear on top

Still white cloudy on bottom clear on top

NaI

Iodide

In the middle very dark and cloudy fades out lighter white around the middle

Became a little separate

Na2SO4

Sulfate

Clear

Became white and cloudy

Na2S

Sulfide

Turn a brown color in the middle but separated from the clear

The brown becomes more separate from the clear

Unknown #103

CO3^2-

White and cloudy

Small particles

Bubbles form white and cloudy

Unknown #104

S^2-

Turn brown color I the middle around clear

Some of the brown disappeared and become separate

Data Table 2. Cation Flame Tests.

Chemical

Cation

Flame Observations

KI

Potassium

LIGHT PINK

CaCl2

Calcium

RED

LiOH

Lithium

FUSHA PINK

NaCl

Sodium

ORANGE

Cu(NO3)2

Copper

TEAL

Unknown #105

Copper

TEAL

Unknown #106

Potassium

LIGHT PINK

Unknown #107

Calcium

RED

Data Table 3. Complete Chemical Identification.

Chemical

Cation

Anion Test Observations

Anion

Complete Chemical Name and Formula

Unknown #105

Copper

with AgNO3: No chane

No3^2-

Copper(II) nitrate, Cu(NO3)2

Unknown #106

Potassium

with AgNO3: In the middle very dark and cloudy fades out lighter white the middle

I-

Potassium iodide, KI

Unknown #107

Calcium

With AgNO3: Turn white cloudy on the bottom on top

Cl-

Calcium chloride, CaCl2

1. Use your results and observations in Data Tables 1, 2, and 3, to create a flow chart for the identification of an unknown (both an unknown anion and cation), using the AgNO3 and HCl confirmation tests and the cation flame tests.

Chemical

Anion

Addition of AgNO3

Addition of HCl

NaBr

Bromide

It became white and cloudy

Still was white and cloudy

Na2CO3

Carbonate

Clear inside white and cloudy around the outside

Still white and cloudy but bubbles start to form

NaCl

Chloride

Turn white cloudy on bottom clear on top

Still white cloudy on bottom clear on top

NaI

Iodide

In the middle very dark and cloudy fades out lighter white around the middle

Became a little separate

Na2SO4

Sulfate

Clear

Became white and cloudy

Na2S

Sulfide

Turn a brown color in the middle but separated from the clear

The brown becomes more separate from the clear

Unknown #103

CO3^2-

White and cloudy

Small particles

Bubbles form white and cloudy

Unknown #104

S^2-

Turn brown color I the middle around clear

Some of the brown disappeared and become separate

Explanation / Answer

unknown number 5

Add NH3 dropwise to the solution, stir or shake the solution, and observe any reaction.

A ppt of metal hydroxide will be formed.

Continue adding ammonia. Copper hydroxides fom a complex ion and redissolve. The colour of complex ion will be blue.

Cu+2 + OH-   --> Cu(OH)2 ppt

Cu+2 + NH3 ( excess)   ---> Cu(NH3)4 ( blue colour)

Nitrate ion:

The aluminium powder is a powerful reducing agent and converts the nitrate ion, NO3–, into ammonia gas, NH3 Boil the suspected nitrate with sodium hydroxide solution and fine aluminium powder (Devarda's Alloy) or aluminium foil.the fumes contain ammonia, which turns red litmus blue.

Confirmatorytest: Add iron(ii) sulphate solution and then conc. sulphuric acid (the 'brown ring' test), a brown ring is formed where the liquid meets due to formation of NO complex of iron(II).

Unknown 6:

Potassium: A little of the metal salt or other compound is mixed with a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and a sample of the mixture is heated strongly in a bunsen flame on the end of a cleaned nichrome wire : violet–lilac flame will be observed

Chloride ion : add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution, white ppt of AgCl will be formed.

Unknown 7:

Calcium ion: A little of the metal salt or other compound is mixed with a few drops of concentrated hydrochloric acid and a sample of the mixture is heated strongly in a bunsen flame on the end of a cleaned nichrome wire, brickred (yellowish red) flame observed

Iodide ion: add dilute nitric acid and silver nitrate solution, yellow ppt of AgI will be formed.