Below is a list of hypothetical carbon monoxide concentrations in downtown Milwa
ID: 885853 • Letter: B
Question
Below is a list of hypothetical carbon monoxide concentrations in downtown Milwaukee, answer the following questions:
Day 1 Day 2
Hour Hourly CO (ppm) Hour Hourly CO (ppm)
7 pm 2 7 pm 1
8pm 1 8 pm 1
9pm 1 9 pm 1
10 pm 1 10 pm 2
11 pm 2 11 pm 1
12 pm 1 12 am 1
1 am 1 1 am 2
2 am 5 2 am 6
3 am 6 3 am 17
4 am 6 4 am 11
5 am 4 5 am 7
6 am 2 6 am 4
7 am 4 7 am 8
8 am 3 8 am 7
9 am 2 9 am 3
10 am 4 10 am 6
11 am 4 11 am 7
12 pm 7 12 pm 13
1 pm 8 1 pm 13
2 pm 8 2 pm 9
3 pm 6 3 pm 7
4 pm 3 4 pm 4
5 pm 2 5 pm 3
6 pm 1 6 pm 2
a) Are the NAAQS ever exceeded? If so, When?
b) What is the 8-hr average concentration? When does it occur?
c) How might you explain the hourly variation in CO?
d) Speculate on the possible reasons why the concentrations are generally higher on Day 2.
Explanation / Answer
I'm not quite sure about the NAAQS, but you tell me if the information I provided, help you.
a) NAAQS means National Ambient Air Quality Standards, and according to them, the concentrations for CO are as follow:
CO: 8 hour average concentration: 9 ppm; 1 hour average concentration:35 ppm.
So according to this, and to the values of concentration here, the NAQQS are not exceeded in 1 hour concentration (none of the values exceeds 35 ppm, and the higher it's 17 in day 2)
Now if you want to know the 8 hour average concentration:
day 1: from 7pm to 2am
2+1+1+1+2+1+1+5 = 14/8 = 1.75 ppm
3 am to 10 am: 6+6+4+2+4+3+2+4 = 33/8 = 4.125 ppm
11 am to 6 pm: 4+7+8+8+6+3+2+1 = 4.875
IDay 2. 7pm to 2am: 1+1+1+2+1+1+2+6 = 15/8 = 1.875 ppm
3 am to 10 am: 17+11+7+4+8+7+3+6 = 63/8 = 7.875 ppm
11 am to 6 pm: 7+13+13+9+7+4+3+2 = 58/8 = 7.25 ppm
8 hour average between the two dats: (1.875+7.875+7.25+1.75+4.125+4.875) / 6 = 4.625 ppm.
In this case, it does not exceeds the NAAQS according to this results.
b) in part a), we have the 8 hour average of these two days, and in this case, happening at 4.625 ppm, it happens from 2 to 4 am on day 1, at 7 am and from 12 pm to 3 pm on day 1. On day 2 it happens at 2 am, from 5 to 8am and 10, 11 am and from 2pm to 4pm. This are the values above 4.625 ppm and closest values.
c) CO or monoxide carbon,it's something that all cars, and vehicles exerts to the surface everyday and everyhour, so the main reason for the variation of the concentration has to be because of the traffic and the quantity of cars around the city in those hours. That's why the concentration varies from hour to hour. For example in day 1, between 1 and 2 pm, there are a lot more of cars and vehicles around the city than at 3 pm or 4pm, so the concentrations levels goes down for a little bit. and so with the day 2.
d) I'm not quite sure about the answer, so I'll try to look more into this. Hope the rest of my answers help you and tell me if It's not, so I could fix my answer for you.
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