Question
I'm having a hard time answering the following questions for a practice test:
BIO 361- FINAL VERSION B NAM answers freun the nswer questionst Choose all the (C and rth 1 point. Indicane both the ptions given. Each oorrect choice loomect or Moamecr correct and incorrect answers on your answer sheet B3 total 13. What dirtingwishes the dwyerme muscle Aber opes in mamenawon krietal masche? o fatigue that aj Slow oxidative fibers are more resistant b.) Mitochondrial demity is relatively high in slowoxidative fibers. Fast-glyoolytic fibers have a higher act of titrate synthase fibers is due to higher rates of fatigue of slow-oxidat d. The greater resistance glycolysis in comparison to the fast-glycolytic fibers e) Fast-glycolytic fbers have higher levels of creatine kinase, 14. electron trampare chain (ETO is the most important source in a The plowing iscomectariocorrect absur chr ehemistryof Ros a.) The main Ros Produced by the hydrogen peroxide, which easily diffuses across membranes and can react ferrous hydroxyl radicals. n and glutathione systems are the two mai by The thioredoxin-peroxiredoxi scavenging superoxide anion. c) The reducing equivalents for the two major mitochondrial Ros scavenging systems are roduced NADP dependent soditrate dehydrogenase reaction. being d) Mitochondria have two different types of superoxide dismutases that are involved in the scavenging of superoxide anion. DNA but not Mitochondrial Ros only dattage 15. What are some ofthe consequences ofthe production of in mitochondria? rial DNA and therefore the conformation of Ros production damages proteins that are encoded by the DNA. leading to inefficient mitochondrial metabolism, especially with age. b) Ros can lead to lipid peroxidation, which is especially dangerous as it leads to an even greater increase n the production c) Several medical conditions ege neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes, are characterized by higher levels of Ros production d. Phagocytes use Ros to kill pathogens. 16, What are some correct and incorrect statements about the alternative pathwwgsrthey inthe following statements organisms use to produce ATP under hypoxic a) They all oxidize NADH to maintain the reaction of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH]. uce 2 net ATP per glucose. b) They all prod c) They produce one more 1 ATP when they use glycogen for a substrate d) They prod from when end product is suednate propionate has ie, Fish in particular use ethanol, which they can store for long time periods and which an intoxicating effect on them, making them drunk
Explanation / Answer
1.3) The skeletalmuscle fibers are of three types.They are,
Slow oxidative fibers: Also known as slow twitch fibers. They are red in color due to the presence of large amount of myoglobin. The oxygen content is also high and they have many mitochondria. Because of this they are resistant to fatigue and thay are capable of producing low level contraction by producing ATP under aerobic conditions.
Fast oxidative fibers: They contain large amount of myoglobin and mitochondria and are red in color. They produce fast twitching muscle contractions. They utilise both aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms and are prone to fatigue. citrate synthase concentrations are more in fast oxidative fibers.
Fast glycolytic fibers: They contain few myoglobin and few mitochondria and are white in color. They produce ATP by anaerobic metabolism. This results in short and fast bursts of power and also rapid fatigue. They have higher levels of creatine kinase.
So, the answers for this question are options (a), (b) and (e).
