How well do you understand the process of folding? a. What conditions enable a r

Question

How well do you understand the process of folding?

a. What conditions enable a rock to fold (rather than faulting)?

b. In what tectonic environments do folds usually form?

c. What is the difference between an anticline and a syncline?

d. Where are the oldest rocks found in each type of fold? The youngest?

How well do you understand the process of faulting?

a. In what tectonic environments are strike-slip and dip-slip faults found?

b. In what tectonic environments are normal faults and reverse faults found? Are these dip-slip or strike-slip faults?

c. How can you tell the difference between a normal and a reverse fault in a photo?

d. What conditions cause rocks to fault (rather than fold)?

Explanation / Answer

Folds

a) folds are generated by stresses generated by tectonic activity,which form due to contractional tectonics.

b) folds are formed in the environment when there is tectonic activity like subduction is going on,

for ex- in himalayas ( indian plate is subducting under eurasian plate)

c) a syncline is a fold with younger layers closer to the center of the structure , they are generally concave upward (synformal ) geometry.

while an anticline is a fold that is convex up and has its oldest beds at its core.

d) syncline with younger layers closer to the center of the structure,

and anticline has its oldest beds at its core.

Faults

a) strike slip are found in the environment when there is a weakening point or zones of lateral displacement

Dip-slip faults can occur either as "reverse" or as "normal" faults.

these are found where these is thrusting between the layers from different geological time is going on.

b) "reverse" or "normal" faults are dip slip fault, these are fault along a fault plane these are found in the environment of thrusting between the two beds.

d) Because of friction and rigidity of the rock, the rocks cannot flow past each other. Rather, stress builds up in rocks and when it reaches a level that exceeds the strain threshold, the accumulated potential energy is dissipated by the release of strain, which is focused into a plane along which relative motion is accommodated

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