List and discuss some of the important processes determining the transformations

Question

List and discuss some of the important processes determining the transformations and ultimate fates of pollutant chemical species in the hydrosphere. The total of all carbonate species in lake water is 0.001 M, and the lake pH is 8. Calculate the concentration of each of the individual carbonate species. Discuss how at least one kind of air pollutant might become a water pollutant. A water has the following chemical analysis: What are these concentrations in moles/L? Do the charges balance (total positive charges=total negative charges)? Calculate the ionic strength of the water. Calculate the activity coefficients for Sr^2+ and SO_4^2- in the water. Discuss the relationship between an electron-accepting process and the biodegradation of BTEX compounds. Give an example of a setting where groundwater would tend to have low TDS and an example of a setting where groundwater would tend to have high TDS. Explain your reasoning for both. A groundwater contains a dissolved oxygen concentration of 5 mg/L. How many liters of groundwater would it take to oxidize 1 g of toluene to CO_2?

Explanation / Answer

1) There are many pollutants in the atmosphere

For example : Nitrogen oxide , it reacts with atmosphere moisture to give nitric acid

2 NO2 + H2O HNO2 + HNO3

Carbon monoxide

hydroxyl free radicals (OH) oxidize carbon monoxide (CO) to formhydroperoxy radicals

CO + OH --> cO2 +
H

Sulphur dioxide

SO2 + H2O + O2 --> H2SO4 ( sulphuric acid)

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